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Role of Type IV Pili in Predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, as an obligate predator of Gram-negative bacteria, requires contact with the surface of a prey cell in order to initiate the life cycle. After attachment, the predator penetrates the prey cell outer membrane and enters the periplasmic space. Attack phase cells of B. bacte...

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Autores principales: Chanyi, Ryan M., Koval, Susan F.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4237445/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25409535
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113404
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author Chanyi, Ryan M.
Koval, Susan F.
author_facet Chanyi, Ryan M.
Koval, Susan F.
author_sort Chanyi, Ryan M.
collection PubMed
description Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, as an obligate predator of Gram-negative bacteria, requires contact with the surface of a prey cell in order to initiate the life cycle. After attachment, the predator penetrates the prey cell outer membrane and enters the periplasmic space. Attack phase cells of B. bacteriovorus have polar Type IV pili that are required for predation. In other bacteria, these pili have the ability to extend and retract via the PilT protein. B. bacteriovorus has two pilT genes, pilT1 and pilT2, that have been implicated in the invasion process. Markerless in-frame deletion mutants were constructed in a prey-independent mutant to assess the role of PilT1 and PilT2 in the life cycle. When predation was assessed using liquid cocultures, all mutants produced bdelloplasts of Escherichia coli. These results demonstrated that PilT1 and PilT2 are not required for invasion of prey cells. Predation of the mutants on biofilms of E. coli was also assessed. Wild type B. bacteriovorus 109JA and the pilT1 mutant decreased the mass of the biofilm to 35.4% and 27.9% respectively. The pilT1pilT2 mutant was able to prey on the biofilm, albeit less efficiently with 50.2% of the biofilm remaining. The pilT2 mutant was unable to disrupt the biofilm, leaving 92.5% of the original biofilm after predation. The lack of PilT2 function may impede the ability of B. bacteriovorus to move in the extracellular polymeric matrix and find a prey cell. The role of Type IV pili in the life cycle of B. bacteriovorus is thus for initial recognition of and attachment to a prey cell in liquid cocultures, and possibly for movement within the matrix of a biofilm.
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spelling pubmed-42374452014-11-21 Role of Type IV Pili in Predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus Chanyi, Ryan M. Koval, Susan F. PLoS One Research Article Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, as an obligate predator of Gram-negative bacteria, requires contact with the surface of a prey cell in order to initiate the life cycle. After attachment, the predator penetrates the prey cell outer membrane and enters the periplasmic space. Attack phase cells of B. bacteriovorus have polar Type IV pili that are required for predation. In other bacteria, these pili have the ability to extend and retract via the PilT protein. B. bacteriovorus has two pilT genes, pilT1 and pilT2, that have been implicated in the invasion process. Markerless in-frame deletion mutants were constructed in a prey-independent mutant to assess the role of PilT1 and PilT2 in the life cycle. When predation was assessed using liquid cocultures, all mutants produced bdelloplasts of Escherichia coli. These results demonstrated that PilT1 and PilT2 are not required for invasion of prey cells. Predation of the mutants on biofilms of E. coli was also assessed. Wild type B. bacteriovorus 109JA and the pilT1 mutant decreased the mass of the biofilm to 35.4% and 27.9% respectively. The pilT1pilT2 mutant was able to prey on the biofilm, albeit less efficiently with 50.2% of the biofilm remaining. The pilT2 mutant was unable to disrupt the biofilm, leaving 92.5% of the original biofilm after predation. The lack of PilT2 function may impede the ability of B. bacteriovorus to move in the extracellular polymeric matrix and find a prey cell. The role of Type IV pili in the life cycle of B. bacteriovorus is thus for initial recognition of and attachment to a prey cell in liquid cocultures, and possibly for movement within the matrix of a biofilm. Public Library of Science 2014-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4237445/ /pubmed/25409535 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113404 Text en © 2014 Chanyi, Koval http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Chanyi, Ryan M.
Koval, Susan F.
Role of Type IV Pili in Predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
title Role of Type IV Pili in Predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
title_full Role of Type IV Pili in Predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
title_fullStr Role of Type IV Pili in Predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
title_full_unstemmed Role of Type IV Pili in Predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
title_short Role of Type IV Pili in Predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
title_sort role of type iv pili in predation by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4237445/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25409535
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113404
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