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Habituation of parasympathetic-mediated heart rate responses to recurring acoustic startle
Startle habituation is a type of implicit and automatic emotion regulation. Diminished startle habituation is linked to several psychiatric or neurological disorders. Most previous studies quantified startle habituation by assessing skin conductance response (SCR; reflecting sympathetic-mediated swe...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4238409/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477830 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01288 |
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author | Chen, Kuan-Hua Aksan, Nazan Anderson, Steven W. Grafft, Amanda Chapleau, Mark W. |
author_facet | Chen, Kuan-Hua Aksan, Nazan Anderson, Steven W. Grafft, Amanda Chapleau, Mark W. |
author_sort | Chen, Kuan-Hua |
collection | PubMed |
description | Startle habituation is a type of implicit and automatic emotion regulation. Diminished startle habituation is linked to several psychiatric or neurological disorders. Most previous studies quantified startle habituation by assessing skin conductance response (SCR; reflecting sympathetic-mediated sweating), eye-blink reflex, or motor response. The habituation of parasympathetic-mediated heart rate responses to recurrent startle stimuli is not well understood. A variety of methods and metrics have been used to quantify parasympathetic activity and its effects on the heart. We hypothesized that these different measures reflect unique psychological and physiological processes that may habituate differently during repeated startle stimuli. We measured cardiac inter-beat intervals (IBIs) to recurring acoustic startle probes in 75 eight year old children. Eight acoustic stimuli of 500 ms duration were introduced at intervals of 15–25 s. Indices of parasympathetic effect included: (1) the initial rapid decrease in IBI post-startle mediated by parasympathetic inhibition (PI); (2) the subsequent IBI recovery mediated by parasympathetic reactivation (PR); (3) rapid, beat-to-beat heart rate variability (HRV) measured from the first seven IBIs following each startle probe. SCR and motor responses to startle were also measured. Results showed that habituation of PR (IBI recovery and overshoot) and SCRs were rapid and robust. In addition, changes in PR and SCR were significantly correlated. In contrast, habituation of PI (the initial decrease in IBI) was slower and relatively modest. Measurement of rapid HRV provided an index reflecting the combination of PI and PR. We conclude that different measures of parasympathetic-mediated heart rate responses to repeated startle probes habituate in a differential manner. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4238409 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42384092014-12-04 Habituation of parasympathetic-mediated heart rate responses to recurring acoustic startle Chen, Kuan-Hua Aksan, Nazan Anderson, Steven W. Grafft, Amanda Chapleau, Mark W. Front Psychol Psychology Startle habituation is a type of implicit and automatic emotion regulation. Diminished startle habituation is linked to several psychiatric or neurological disorders. Most previous studies quantified startle habituation by assessing skin conductance response (SCR; reflecting sympathetic-mediated sweating), eye-blink reflex, or motor response. The habituation of parasympathetic-mediated heart rate responses to recurrent startle stimuli is not well understood. A variety of methods and metrics have been used to quantify parasympathetic activity and its effects on the heart. We hypothesized that these different measures reflect unique psychological and physiological processes that may habituate differently during repeated startle stimuli. We measured cardiac inter-beat intervals (IBIs) to recurring acoustic startle probes in 75 eight year old children. Eight acoustic stimuli of 500 ms duration were introduced at intervals of 15–25 s. Indices of parasympathetic effect included: (1) the initial rapid decrease in IBI post-startle mediated by parasympathetic inhibition (PI); (2) the subsequent IBI recovery mediated by parasympathetic reactivation (PR); (3) rapid, beat-to-beat heart rate variability (HRV) measured from the first seven IBIs following each startle probe. SCR and motor responses to startle were also measured. Results showed that habituation of PR (IBI recovery and overshoot) and SCRs were rapid and robust. In addition, changes in PR and SCR were significantly correlated. In contrast, habituation of PI (the initial decrease in IBI) was slower and relatively modest. Measurement of rapid HRV provided an index reflecting the combination of PI and PR. We conclude that different measures of parasympathetic-mediated heart rate responses to repeated startle probes habituate in a differential manner. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-11-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4238409/ /pubmed/25477830 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01288 Text en Copyright © 2014 Chen, Aksan, Anderson, Grafft and Chapleau. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Chen, Kuan-Hua Aksan, Nazan Anderson, Steven W. Grafft, Amanda Chapleau, Mark W. Habituation of parasympathetic-mediated heart rate responses to recurring acoustic startle |
title | Habituation of parasympathetic-mediated heart rate responses to recurring acoustic startle |
title_full | Habituation of parasympathetic-mediated heart rate responses to recurring acoustic startle |
title_fullStr | Habituation of parasympathetic-mediated heart rate responses to recurring acoustic startle |
title_full_unstemmed | Habituation of parasympathetic-mediated heart rate responses to recurring acoustic startle |
title_short | Habituation of parasympathetic-mediated heart rate responses to recurring acoustic startle |
title_sort | habituation of parasympathetic-mediated heart rate responses to recurring acoustic startle |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4238409/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477830 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01288 |
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