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Cryptococcosis in Colombian children and literature review

Cryptococcosis is reported in adults and is often acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated; however, its frequency in children is low. Based on the National Survey on Cryptococcosis conducted in Colombia, an epidemiological and clinical analysis was performed on cases of the disease obs...

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Autores principales: Lizarazo, Jairo, Escandón, Patricia, Agudelo, Clara Inés, Castañeda, Elizabeth
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4238773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25317708
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276130537
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author Lizarazo, Jairo
Escandón, Patricia
Agudelo, Clara Inés
Castañeda, Elizabeth
author_facet Lizarazo, Jairo
Escandón, Patricia
Agudelo, Clara Inés
Castañeda, Elizabeth
author_sort Lizarazo, Jairo
collection PubMed
description Cryptococcosis is reported in adults and is often acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated; however, its frequency in children is low. Based on the National Survey on Cryptococcosis conducted in Colombia, an epidemiological and clinical analysis was performed on cases of the disease observed in children less than 16 years old between 1993-2010. We found 41 affected children (2.6% prevalence) from the 1,578 surveys received. The country mean annual incidence rate was 0.017 cases/100,000 children under 16 years, while in Norte de Santander the incidence rate was 0.122 cases/100,000 (p < 0.0001). The average age of infected children was 8.4 and 58.5% were male. In 46.3% of cases, a risk factor was not identified, while 24.4% had AIDS. The most frequent clinical manifestations were headache (78.1%), fever (68.8%), nausea and vomiting (65.6%), confusion (50%) and meningeal signs (37.5%). Meningitis was the most frequent clinical presentation (87.8%). Amphotericin B was given to 93.5% of patients as an initial treatment. Positive microbiological identification was accomplished by India ink (94.7%), latex in cerebrospinal fluid (100%) and culture (89.5%). Out of 34 isolates studied, Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (VNI 85.3%, VNII 8.8%) was isolated in 94.1% of cases and Cryptococcus gattii (VGII) was isolated in 5.9% of cases. These data are complemented by a literature review, which overall suggests that cryptococcosis in children is an unusual event worldwide.
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spelling pubmed-42387732014-11-26 Cryptococcosis in Colombian children and literature review Lizarazo, Jairo Escandón, Patricia Agudelo, Clara Inés Castañeda, Elizabeth Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz Articles Cryptococcosis is reported in adults and is often acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated; however, its frequency in children is low. Based on the National Survey on Cryptococcosis conducted in Colombia, an epidemiological and clinical analysis was performed on cases of the disease observed in children less than 16 years old between 1993-2010. We found 41 affected children (2.6% prevalence) from the 1,578 surveys received. The country mean annual incidence rate was 0.017 cases/100,000 children under 16 years, while in Norte de Santander the incidence rate was 0.122 cases/100,000 (p < 0.0001). The average age of infected children was 8.4 and 58.5% were male. In 46.3% of cases, a risk factor was not identified, while 24.4% had AIDS. The most frequent clinical manifestations were headache (78.1%), fever (68.8%), nausea and vomiting (65.6%), confusion (50%) and meningeal signs (37.5%). Meningitis was the most frequent clinical presentation (87.8%). Amphotericin B was given to 93.5% of patients as an initial treatment. Positive microbiological identification was accomplished by India ink (94.7%), latex in cerebrospinal fluid (100%) and culture (89.5%). Out of 34 isolates studied, Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (VNI 85.3%, VNII 8.8%) was isolated in 94.1% of cases and Cryptococcus gattii (VGII) was isolated in 5.9% of cases. These data are complemented by a literature review, which overall suggests that cryptococcosis in children is an unusual event worldwide. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde 2014-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4238773/ /pubmed/25317708 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276130537 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Articles
Lizarazo, Jairo
Escandón, Patricia
Agudelo, Clara Inés
Castañeda, Elizabeth
Cryptococcosis in Colombian children and literature review
title Cryptococcosis in Colombian children and literature review
title_full Cryptococcosis in Colombian children and literature review
title_fullStr Cryptococcosis in Colombian children and literature review
title_full_unstemmed Cryptococcosis in Colombian children and literature review
title_short Cryptococcosis in Colombian children and literature review
title_sort cryptococcosis in colombian children and literature review
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4238773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25317708
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276130537
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