Quantum dot-based multiphoton fluorescent pipettes for targeted neuronal electrophysiology

Targeting visually-identified neurons for electrophysiological recording is a fundamental neuroscience technique; however, its potential is hampered by poor visualization of pipette tips in deep brain tissue. We describe a technique whereby quantum dots coat glass pipettes providing strong two-photon contrast at deeper penetration depths than current methods. We demonstrate utility in targeted patch-clamp recording experiments and single cell electroporation from identified rat and mouse neurons in vitro and in vivo.