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Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Plateau State, Nigeria

A cross-sectional study in Nigeria was undertaken to determine the epidemiology, seroprevalence, and associated risk factors, of hepatitis E virus (HEV). A total of 462 subjects were used for the study, categorized into four groups: apparently healthy persons, pregnant women, HIV positive subjects,...

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Autores principales: Junaid, Surajudeen A, Agina, Samuel E, Abubakar, Khadijah A
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Libertas Academica 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251053/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25512696
http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/VRT.S15422
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author Junaid, Surajudeen A
Agina, Samuel E
Abubakar, Khadijah A
author_facet Junaid, Surajudeen A
Agina, Samuel E
Abubakar, Khadijah A
author_sort Junaid, Surajudeen A
collection PubMed
description A cross-sectional study in Nigeria was undertaken to determine the epidemiology, seroprevalence, and associated risk factors, of hepatitis E virus (HEV). A total of 462 subjects were used for the study, categorized into four groups: apparently healthy persons, pregnant women, HIV positive subjects, and animal handlers. Information was obtained from subjects using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for HEV antibodies (IgG and IgM) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 statistical software. The overall seroprevalence of IgG and IgM was 42.7 and 0.9%, respectively. Animal handlers had the highest seroprevalence (66.7%). The associated risk factors for IgM seroprevalence were rural dwelling (P = 0.039, odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7–15.4), blood transfusion (P < 0.001, OR 9.6, 95% CI 2.6–35.6), attending to animals (P = 0.032, OR 4.9, 95% CI 0.9–26.6), and waste disposal (P < 0.001). Factors associated with IgG were age (P = 0.044), location (P < 0.001), marital status (P < 0.001), formal education (P < 0.001), farming as occupation (P < 0.001), rural dwelling (P = 0.001), waste disposal (P < 0.001), alcohol consumption (P = 0.001, OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4–4.0), open defecation (P < 0.001, OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4–5.7), attending to animals (P < 0.001, OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6–3.4), consuming unwashed fruits/vegetables (P < 0.001, OR 4.2, 95% CI 0.3–54.1), and stream/river as a source of drinking water (P < 0.001, OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.6–7.8). Preventive public health measures should be reinforced among all communities, particularly domestic animal handlers and pregnant women. Potable water should be provided for all communities. Data suggest that HEV remains an under-recognized and significant public health problem, warranting further attention and research.
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spelling pubmed-42510532014-12-15 Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Plateau State, Nigeria Junaid, Surajudeen A Agina, Samuel E Abubakar, Khadijah A Virology (Auckl) Original Research A cross-sectional study in Nigeria was undertaken to determine the epidemiology, seroprevalence, and associated risk factors, of hepatitis E virus (HEV). A total of 462 subjects were used for the study, categorized into four groups: apparently healthy persons, pregnant women, HIV positive subjects, and animal handlers. Information was obtained from subjects using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for HEV antibodies (IgG and IgM) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 statistical software. The overall seroprevalence of IgG and IgM was 42.7 and 0.9%, respectively. Animal handlers had the highest seroprevalence (66.7%). The associated risk factors for IgM seroprevalence were rural dwelling (P = 0.039, odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7–15.4), blood transfusion (P < 0.001, OR 9.6, 95% CI 2.6–35.6), attending to animals (P = 0.032, OR 4.9, 95% CI 0.9–26.6), and waste disposal (P < 0.001). Factors associated with IgG were age (P = 0.044), location (P < 0.001), marital status (P < 0.001), formal education (P < 0.001), farming as occupation (P < 0.001), rural dwelling (P = 0.001), waste disposal (P < 0.001), alcohol consumption (P = 0.001, OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4–4.0), open defecation (P < 0.001, OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4–5.7), attending to animals (P < 0.001, OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6–3.4), consuming unwashed fruits/vegetables (P < 0.001, OR 4.2, 95% CI 0.3–54.1), and stream/river as a source of drinking water (P < 0.001, OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.6–7.8). Preventive public health measures should be reinforced among all communities, particularly domestic animal handlers and pregnant women. Potable water should be provided for all communities. Data suggest that HEV remains an under-recognized and significant public health problem, warranting further attention and research. Libertas Academica 2014-05-27 /pmc/articles/PMC4251053/ /pubmed/25512696 http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/VRT.S15422 Text en © 2014 the author(s), publisher and licensee Libertas Academica Ltd. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC 3.0 License.
spellingShingle Original Research
Junaid, Surajudeen A
Agina, Samuel E
Abubakar, Khadijah A
Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Plateau State, Nigeria
title Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Plateau State, Nigeria
title_full Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Plateau State, Nigeria
title_fullStr Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Plateau State, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Plateau State, Nigeria
title_short Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Plateau State, Nigeria
title_sort epidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis e virus infection in plateau state, nigeria
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251053/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25512696
http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/VRT.S15422
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