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Quantitative assessment of Azumiobodo hoyamushi distribution in the tunic of soft tunic syndrome–affected ascidian Halocynthia roretzi using real-time polymerase chain reaction

BACKGROUND: The kinetoplastid parasite, Azumiobodo hoyamushi, is the causative agent of soft tunic syndrome (STS) in ascidians and leads to their mass mortality in Korean waters. This study was conducted to quantify A. hoyamushi density during the development of STS in the tunics of ascidians (Haloc...

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Autores principales: Shin, Yun-Kyung, Nam, Ki-Woong, Park, Kwan Ha, Yoon, Jong-Man, Park, Kyung-Il
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253000/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25425505
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-014-0539-x
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author Shin, Yun-Kyung
Nam, Ki-Woong
Park, Kwan Ha
Yoon, Jong-Man
Park, Kyung-Il
author_facet Shin, Yun-Kyung
Nam, Ki-Woong
Park, Kwan Ha
Yoon, Jong-Man
Park, Kyung-Il
author_sort Shin, Yun-Kyung
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The kinetoplastid parasite, Azumiobodo hoyamushi, is the causative agent of soft tunic syndrome (STS) in ascidians and leads to their mass mortality in Korean waters. This study was conducted to quantify A. hoyamushi density during the development of STS in the tunics of ascidians (Halocynthia roretzi) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). FINDINGS: The infection intensity of A. hoyamushi, as measured by qPCR, varied depending on the part of the tunic analyzed, as well as the stage of STS development. The highest infection intensity was recorded in the tunics of the siphons. The infection intensity of A. hoyamushi in the siphons was only 2.9 cell/tunic (area, 0.25 cm(2)) or 106.0 cell/gram tunic (GT) in the early phase of STS, but this value increased dramatically to 16,066 cells/tunic (0.25 cm(2)) or 617,004 cell/GT at the time of death. The number of A. hoyamushi parasites increased gradually and their distribution spread from the siphons to the other parts of the tunics. CONCLUSIONS: qPCR enabled the quantitation of A. hoyamushi and the results revealed that parasite density increased as STS progressed. In addition, our results suggested that the siphons might function as the portal of entry for A. hoyamushi during infection.
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spelling pubmed-42530002014-12-04 Quantitative assessment of Azumiobodo hoyamushi distribution in the tunic of soft tunic syndrome–affected ascidian Halocynthia roretzi using real-time polymerase chain reaction Shin, Yun-Kyung Nam, Ki-Woong Park, Kwan Ha Yoon, Jong-Man Park, Kyung-Il Parasit Vectors Short Report BACKGROUND: The kinetoplastid parasite, Azumiobodo hoyamushi, is the causative agent of soft tunic syndrome (STS) in ascidians and leads to their mass mortality in Korean waters. This study was conducted to quantify A. hoyamushi density during the development of STS in the tunics of ascidians (Halocynthia roretzi) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). FINDINGS: The infection intensity of A. hoyamushi, as measured by qPCR, varied depending on the part of the tunic analyzed, as well as the stage of STS development. The highest infection intensity was recorded in the tunics of the siphons. The infection intensity of A. hoyamushi in the siphons was only 2.9 cell/tunic (area, 0.25 cm(2)) or 106.0 cell/gram tunic (GT) in the early phase of STS, but this value increased dramatically to 16,066 cells/tunic (0.25 cm(2)) or 617,004 cell/GT at the time of death. The number of A. hoyamushi parasites increased gradually and their distribution spread from the siphons to the other parts of the tunics. CONCLUSIONS: qPCR enabled the quantitation of A. hoyamushi and the results revealed that parasite density increased as STS progressed. In addition, our results suggested that the siphons might function as the portal of entry for A. hoyamushi during infection. BioMed Central 2014-11-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4253000/ /pubmed/25425505 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-014-0539-x Text en © Shin et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Short Report
Shin, Yun-Kyung
Nam, Ki-Woong
Park, Kwan Ha
Yoon, Jong-Man
Park, Kyung-Il
Quantitative assessment of Azumiobodo hoyamushi distribution in the tunic of soft tunic syndrome–affected ascidian Halocynthia roretzi using real-time polymerase chain reaction
title Quantitative assessment of Azumiobodo hoyamushi distribution in the tunic of soft tunic syndrome–affected ascidian Halocynthia roretzi using real-time polymerase chain reaction
title_full Quantitative assessment of Azumiobodo hoyamushi distribution in the tunic of soft tunic syndrome–affected ascidian Halocynthia roretzi using real-time polymerase chain reaction
title_fullStr Quantitative assessment of Azumiobodo hoyamushi distribution in the tunic of soft tunic syndrome–affected ascidian Halocynthia roretzi using real-time polymerase chain reaction
title_full_unstemmed Quantitative assessment of Azumiobodo hoyamushi distribution in the tunic of soft tunic syndrome–affected ascidian Halocynthia roretzi using real-time polymerase chain reaction
title_short Quantitative assessment of Azumiobodo hoyamushi distribution in the tunic of soft tunic syndrome–affected ascidian Halocynthia roretzi using real-time polymerase chain reaction
title_sort quantitative assessment of azumiobodo hoyamushi distribution in the tunic of soft tunic syndrome–affected ascidian halocynthia roretzi using real-time polymerase chain reaction
topic Short Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253000/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25425505
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-014-0539-x
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