Cargando…

Neonatal pain: What's age got to do with it?

BACKGROUND: The neurobiology of neonatal pain processing, especially in preterm infants, differs significantly from older infants, children, adolescence, and adults. Research suggests that strong painful procedures or repeated mild procedures may permanently modify individual pain processing. Acute...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Hatfield, Linda A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253046/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25506507
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.144630
_version_ 1782347220374257664
author Hatfield, Linda A.
author_facet Hatfield, Linda A.
author_sort Hatfield, Linda A.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The neurobiology of neonatal pain processing, especially in preterm infants, differs significantly from older infants, children, adolescence, and adults. Research suggests that strong painful procedures or repeated mild procedures may permanently modify individual pain processing. Acute injuries at critical developmental periods are risk factors for persistent altered neurodevelopment. The purpose of this narrative review is to present the seminal and current literature describing the unique physiological aspects of neonatal pain processing. METHODS: Articles describing the structures and physiological processes that influence neonatal pain were identified from electronic databases Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL. RESULTS: The representation of neonatal pain physiology is described in three processes: Local peripheral nervous system processes, referred to as transduction; spinal cord processing, referred to as transmission and modulation; and supraspinal processing and integration or perception of pain. The consequences of undermanaged pain in preterm infants and neonates are discussed. CONCLUSION: Although the process and pain responses in neonates bear some similarity to processes and pain responses in older infants, children, adolescence, and adults; there are some pain processes and responses that are unique to neonates rendering them at risk for inadequate pain treatment. Moreover, exposure to repeated painful stimuli contributes to adverse long-term physiologic and behavioral sequelae. With the emergence of studies showing that painful experiences are capable of rewiring the adult brain, it is imperative that we treat neonatal pain effectively.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4253046
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2014
publisher Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-42530462014-12-12 Neonatal pain: What's age got to do with it? Hatfield, Linda A. Surg Neurol Int Surgical Neurology International: Neuroscience Nursing BACKGROUND: The neurobiology of neonatal pain processing, especially in preterm infants, differs significantly from older infants, children, adolescence, and adults. Research suggests that strong painful procedures or repeated mild procedures may permanently modify individual pain processing. Acute injuries at critical developmental periods are risk factors for persistent altered neurodevelopment. The purpose of this narrative review is to present the seminal and current literature describing the unique physiological aspects of neonatal pain processing. METHODS: Articles describing the structures and physiological processes that influence neonatal pain were identified from electronic databases Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL. RESULTS: The representation of neonatal pain physiology is described in three processes: Local peripheral nervous system processes, referred to as transduction; spinal cord processing, referred to as transmission and modulation; and supraspinal processing and integration or perception of pain. The consequences of undermanaged pain in preterm infants and neonates are discussed. CONCLUSION: Although the process and pain responses in neonates bear some similarity to processes and pain responses in older infants, children, adolescence, and adults; there are some pain processes and responses that are unique to neonates rendering them at risk for inadequate pain treatment. Moreover, exposure to repeated painful stimuli contributes to adverse long-term physiologic and behavioral sequelae. With the emergence of studies showing that painful experiences are capable of rewiring the adult brain, it is imperative that we treat neonatal pain effectively. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2014-11-13 /pmc/articles/PMC4253046/ /pubmed/25506507 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.144630 Text en Copyright: © 2014 Hatfield LA. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Surgical Neurology International: Neuroscience Nursing
Hatfield, Linda A.
Neonatal pain: What's age got to do with it?
title Neonatal pain: What's age got to do with it?
title_full Neonatal pain: What's age got to do with it?
title_fullStr Neonatal pain: What's age got to do with it?
title_full_unstemmed Neonatal pain: What's age got to do with it?
title_short Neonatal pain: What's age got to do with it?
title_sort neonatal pain: what's age got to do with it?
topic Surgical Neurology International: Neuroscience Nursing
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253046/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25506507
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.144630
work_keys_str_mv AT hatfieldlindaa neonatalpainwhatsagegottodowithit