Sun leaves up-regulate the photorespiratory pathway to maintain a high rate of CO(2) assimilation in tobacco

The greater rate of CO(2) assimilation (A(n)) in sun-grown tobacco leaves leads to lower intercellular and chloroplast CO(2) concentrations and, thus, a higher rate of oxygenation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) than in shade-grown leaves. Impairment of the photorespiratory pathway suppresses photosynthetic CO(2) assimilation. Here, we hypothesized that sun leaves can up-regulate photorespiratory pathway to enhance the A(n) in tobacco. To test this hypothesis, we examined the responses of photosynthetic electron flow (J(T)) and CO(2) assimilation to incident light intensity and intercellular CO(2) concentration (C(i)) in leaves of ‘k326’ tobacco plants grown at 95% sunlight (sun plants) or 28% sunlight (shade plants). The sun leaves had higher photosynthetic capacity and electron flow devoted to RuBP carboxylation (J(C)) than the shade leaves. When exposed to high light, the higher Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) content and lower C(i) in the sun leaves led to greater electron flow devoted to RuBP oxygenation (J(O)). The J(O)/J(C) ratio was significantly higher in the sun leaves than in the shade leaves under strong illumination. As estimated from CO(2)-response curves, the maximum J(O) was linearly correlated with the estimated Rubisco content. Based on light-response curves, the light-saturated J(O) was linearly correlated with light-saturated J(T) and light-saturated photosynthesis. These findings indicate that enhancement of the photorespiratory pathway is an important strategy by which sun plants maintain a high A(n).