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Patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared: a case study in Sapotaceae

Species diversity is unequally distributed across the globe, with the greatest concentration occurring in the tropics. Even within the tropics, there are significant differences in the numbers of taxa found in each continental region. Manilkara is a pantropical genus of trees in the Sapotaceae compr...

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Autores principales: Armstrong, Kate E., Stone, Graham N., Nicholls, James A., Valderrama, Eugenio, Anderberg, Arne A., Smedmark, Jenny, Gautier, Laurent, Naciri, Yamama, Milne, Richard, Richardson, James E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253964/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25520736
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00362
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author Armstrong, Kate E.
Stone, Graham N.
Nicholls, James A.
Valderrama, Eugenio
Anderberg, Arne A.
Smedmark, Jenny
Gautier, Laurent
Naciri, Yamama
Milne, Richard
Richardson, James E.
author_facet Armstrong, Kate E.
Stone, Graham N.
Nicholls, James A.
Valderrama, Eugenio
Anderberg, Arne A.
Smedmark, Jenny
Gautier, Laurent
Naciri, Yamama
Milne, Richard
Richardson, James E.
author_sort Armstrong, Kate E.
collection PubMed
description Species diversity is unequally distributed across the globe, with the greatest concentration occurring in the tropics. Even within the tropics, there are significant differences in the numbers of taxa found in each continental region. Manilkara is a pantropical genus of trees in the Sapotaceae comprising c. 78 species. Its distribution allows for biogeographic investigation and testing of whether rates of diversification differ amongst tropical regions. The age and geographical origin of Manilkara are inferred to determine whether Gondwanan break-up, boreotropical migration or long distance dispersal have shaped its current disjunct distribution. Diversification rates through time are also analyzed to determine whether the timing and tempo of speciation on each continent coincides with geoclimatic events. Bayesian analyses of nuclear (ITS) and plastid (rpl32-trnL, rps16-trnK, and trnS-trnFM) sequences were used to reconstruct a species level phylogeny of Manilkara and related genera in the tribe Mimusopeae. Analyses of the nuclear data using a fossil-calibrated relaxed molecular clock indicate that Manilkara evolved 32–29 million years ago (Mya) in Africa. Lineages within the genus dispersed to the Neotropics 26–18 Mya and to Asia 28–15 Mya. Higher speciation rates are found in the Neotropical Manilkara clade than in either African or Asian clades. Dating of regional diversification correlates with known palaeoclimatic events. In South America, the divergence between Atlantic coastal forest and Amazonian clades coincides with the formation of drier Cerrado and Caatinga habitats between them. In Africa diversification coincides with Tertiary cycles of aridification and uplift of the east African plateaux. In Southeast Asia dispersal may have been limited by the relatively recent emergence of land in New Guinea and islands further east c. 10 Mya.
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spelling pubmed-42539642014-12-17 Patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared: a case study in Sapotaceae Armstrong, Kate E. Stone, Graham N. Nicholls, James A. Valderrama, Eugenio Anderberg, Arne A. Smedmark, Jenny Gautier, Laurent Naciri, Yamama Milne, Richard Richardson, James E. Front Genet Genetics Species diversity is unequally distributed across the globe, with the greatest concentration occurring in the tropics. Even within the tropics, there are significant differences in the numbers of taxa found in each continental region. Manilkara is a pantropical genus of trees in the Sapotaceae comprising c. 78 species. Its distribution allows for biogeographic investigation and testing of whether rates of diversification differ amongst tropical regions. The age and geographical origin of Manilkara are inferred to determine whether Gondwanan break-up, boreotropical migration or long distance dispersal have shaped its current disjunct distribution. Diversification rates through time are also analyzed to determine whether the timing and tempo of speciation on each continent coincides with geoclimatic events. Bayesian analyses of nuclear (ITS) and plastid (rpl32-trnL, rps16-trnK, and trnS-trnFM) sequences were used to reconstruct a species level phylogeny of Manilkara and related genera in the tribe Mimusopeae. Analyses of the nuclear data using a fossil-calibrated relaxed molecular clock indicate that Manilkara evolved 32–29 million years ago (Mya) in Africa. Lineages within the genus dispersed to the Neotropics 26–18 Mya and to Asia 28–15 Mya. Higher speciation rates are found in the Neotropical Manilkara clade than in either African or Asian clades. Dating of regional diversification correlates with known palaeoclimatic events. In South America, the divergence between Atlantic coastal forest and Amazonian clades coincides with the formation of drier Cerrado and Caatinga habitats between them. In Africa diversification coincides with Tertiary cycles of aridification and uplift of the east African plateaux. In Southeast Asia dispersal may have been limited by the relatively recent emergence of land in New Guinea and islands further east c. 10 Mya. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4253964/ /pubmed/25520736 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00362 Text en Copyright © 2014 Armstrong, Stone, Nicholls, Valderrama, Anderberg, Smedmark, Gautier, Naciri, Milne and Richardson. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Genetics
Armstrong, Kate E.
Stone, Graham N.
Nicholls, James A.
Valderrama, Eugenio
Anderberg, Arne A.
Smedmark, Jenny
Gautier, Laurent
Naciri, Yamama
Milne, Richard
Richardson, James E.
Patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared: a case study in Sapotaceae
title Patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared: a case study in Sapotaceae
title_full Patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared: a case study in Sapotaceae
title_fullStr Patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared: a case study in Sapotaceae
title_full_unstemmed Patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared: a case study in Sapotaceae
title_short Patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared: a case study in Sapotaceae
title_sort patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared: a case study in sapotaceae
topic Genetics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253964/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25520736
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00362
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