Ambient air pollution and birth defects in Haikou city, Hainan province

BACKGROUND: Evidence shows exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation, but the results for birth defects have been inconsistent. METHODS: The data on birth defects was collected from the Birth Defects Monitoring Network of Haikou city. Air pollution data for PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2) were obtained from Haikou Environmental Monitoring Center. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate these associations. RESULTS: The risk of birth defects was related to PM(10) levels (adjusted OR = 1.039; 95% CI = 1.016-1.063) and SO(2) levels (adjusted OR = 0.843; 95% CI = 0.733-0.969) for the second month of pregnancy. In the third month of pregnancy, the risk of birth defects was also related to PM10 levels (adjusted OR = 1.066; 95% CI = 1.043-1.090) and SO(2) levels (adjusted OR = 0.740; 95% CI = 0.645-0.850). CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence that exposure to PM(10) and SO(2) during the second and third month of pregnancy may associated with the risk of birth defects.