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Conserved and Divergent Patterns of DNA Methylation in Higher Vertebrates

DNA methylation in the genome plays a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression and is widespread in the genome of eukaryotic species. For example, in higher vertebrates, there is a “global” methylation pattern involving complete methylation of CpG sites genome-wide, except in promoter r...

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Autores principales: Jiang, Ning, Wang, Lin, Chen, Jing, Wang, Luwen, Leach, Lindsey, Luo, Zewei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4255770/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25355807
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evu238
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author Jiang, Ning
Wang, Lin
Chen, Jing
Wang, Luwen
Leach, Lindsey
Luo, Zewei
author_facet Jiang, Ning
Wang, Lin
Chen, Jing
Wang, Luwen
Leach, Lindsey
Luo, Zewei
author_sort Jiang, Ning
collection PubMed
description DNA methylation in the genome plays a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression and is widespread in the genome of eukaryotic species. For example, in higher vertebrates, there is a “global” methylation pattern involving complete methylation of CpG sites genome-wide, except in promoter regions that are typically enriched for CpG dinucleotides, or so called “CpG islands.” Here, we comprehensively examined and compared the distribution of CpG sites within ten model eukaryotic species and linked the observed patterns to the role of DNA methylation in controlling gene transcription. The analysis revealed two distinct but conserved methylation patterns for gene promoters in human and mouse genomes, involving genes with distinct distributions of promoter CpGs and gene expression patterns. Comparative analysis with four other higher vertebrates revealed that the primary regulatory role of the DNA methylation system is highly conserved in higher vertebrates.
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spelling pubmed-42557702014-12-05 Conserved and Divergent Patterns of DNA Methylation in Higher Vertebrates Jiang, Ning Wang, Lin Chen, Jing Wang, Luwen Leach, Lindsey Luo, Zewei Genome Biol Evol Research Article DNA methylation in the genome plays a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression and is widespread in the genome of eukaryotic species. For example, in higher vertebrates, there is a “global” methylation pattern involving complete methylation of CpG sites genome-wide, except in promoter regions that are typically enriched for CpG dinucleotides, or so called “CpG islands.” Here, we comprehensively examined and compared the distribution of CpG sites within ten model eukaryotic species and linked the observed patterns to the role of DNA methylation in controlling gene transcription. The analysis revealed two distinct but conserved methylation patterns for gene promoters in human and mouse genomes, involving genes with distinct distributions of promoter CpGs and gene expression patterns. Comparative analysis with four other higher vertebrates revealed that the primary regulatory role of the DNA methylation system is highly conserved in higher vertebrates. Oxford University Press 2014-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4255770/ /pubmed/25355807 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evu238 Text en © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Research Article
Jiang, Ning
Wang, Lin
Chen, Jing
Wang, Luwen
Leach, Lindsey
Luo, Zewei
Conserved and Divergent Patterns of DNA Methylation in Higher Vertebrates
title Conserved and Divergent Patterns of DNA Methylation in Higher Vertebrates
title_full Conserved and Divergent Patterns of DNA Methylation in Higher Vertebrates
title_fullStr Conserved and Divergent Patterns of DNA Methylation in Higher Vertebrates
title_full_unstemmed Conserved and Divergent Patterns of DNA Methylation in Higher Vertebrates
title_short Conserved and Divergent Patterns of DNA Methylation in Higher Vertebrates
title_sort conserved and divergent patterns of dna methylation in higher vertebrates
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4255770/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25355807
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evu238
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