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Spatial variation of heart failure and air pollution in Warwickshire, UK: an investigation of small scale variation at the ward-level

OBJECTIVES: To map using geospatial modelling techniques the morbidity and mortality caused by heart failure within Warwickshire to characterise and quantify any influence of air pollution on these risks. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Warwickshire, UK. PARTICIPANTS: Data from all of the 105 curr...

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Autores principales: Bennett, Oscar, Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin, Ji, Chen, Linnane, John, Clarke, Aileen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256640/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25468504
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006028
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author Bennett, Oscar
Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin
Ji, Chen
Linnane, John
Clarke, Aileen
author_facet Bennett, Oscar
Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin
Ji, Chen
Linnane, John
Clarke, Aileen
author_sort Bennett, Oscar
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: To map using geospatial modelling techniques the morbidity and mortality caused by heart failure within Warwickshire to characterise and quantify any influence of air pollution on these risks. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Warwickshire, UK. PARTICIPANTS: Data from all of the 105 current Warwickshire County wards were collected on hospital admissions and deaths due to heart failure. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, the presence of higher mono-nitrogen oxide (NOx) in a ward (3.35:1.89, 4.99), benzene (Ben) (31.9:8.36, 55.85) and index of multiple deprivation (IMD; 0.02: 0.01, 0.03), were consistently associated with a higher risk of heart failure morbidity. Particulate matter (Pm; −12.93: −20.41, −6.54) was negatively associated with the risk of heart failure morbidity. No association was found between sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and heart failure morbidity. The risk of heart failure mortality was higher in wards with a higher NOx (4.30: 1.68, 7.37) and wards with more inhabitants 50+ years old (1.60: 0.47, 2.92). Pm was negatively associated (−14.69: −23.46, −6.50) with heart failure mortality. SO(2), Ben and IMD scores were not associated with heart failure mortality. There was a prominent variation in heart failure morbidity and mortality risk across wards, the highest risk being in the regions around Nuneaton and Bedworth. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed distinct spatial patterns in heart failure morbidity and mortality, suggesting the potential role of environmental factors beyond individual-level risk factors. Air pollution levels should therefore be taken into account when considering the wider determinants of public health and the impact that changes in air pollution might have on the health of a population.
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spelling pubmed-42566402014-12-09 Spatial variation of heart failure and air pollution in Warwickshire, UK: an investigation of small scale variation at the ward-level Bennett, Oscar Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin Ji, Chen Linnane, John Clarke, Aileen BMJ Open Epidemiology OBJECTIVES: To map using geospatial modelling techniques the morbidity and mortality caused by heart failure within Warwickshire to characterise and quantify any influence of air pollution on these risks. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Warwickshire, UK. PARTICIPANTS: Data from all of the 105 current Warwickshire County wards were collected on hospital admissions and deaths due to heart failure. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, the presence of higher mono-nitrogen oxide (NOx) in a ward (3.35:1.89, 4.99), benzene (Ben) (31.9:8.36, 55.85) and index of multiple deprivation (IMD; 0.02: 0.01, 0.03), were consistently associated with a higher risk of heart failure morbidity. Particulate matter (Pm; −12.93: −20.41, −6.54) was negatively associated with the risk of heart failure morbidity. No association was found between sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and heart failure morbidity. The risk of heart failure mortality was higher in wards with a higher NOx (4.30: 1.68, 7.37) and wards with more inhabitants 50+ years old (1.60: 0.47, 2.92). Pm was negatively associated (−14.69: −23.46, −6.50) with heart failure mortality. SO(2), Ben and IMD scores were not associated with heart failure mortality. There was a prominent variation in heart failure morbidity and mortality risk across wards, the highest risk being in the regions around Nuneaton and Bedworth. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed distinct spatial patterns in heart failure morbidity and mortality, suggesting the potential role of environmental factors beyond individual-level risk factors. Air pollution levels should therefore be taken into account when considering the wider determinants of public health and the impact that changes in air pollution might have on the health of a population. BMJ Publishing Group 2014-12-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4256640/ /pubmed/25468504 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006028 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Epidemiology
Bennett, Oscar
Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin
Ji, Chen
Linnane, John
Clarke, Aileen
Spatial variation of heart failure and air pollution in Warwickshire, UK: an investigation of small scale variation at the ward-level
title Spatial variation of heart failure and air pollution in Warwickshire, UK: an investigation of small scale variation at the ward-level
title_full Spatial variation of heart failure and air pollution in Warwickshire, UK: an investigation of small scale variation at the ward-level
title_fullStr Spatial variation of heart failure and air pollution in Warwickshire, UK: an investigation of small scale variation at the ward-level
title_full_unstemmed Spatial variation of heart failure and air pollution in Warwickshire, UK: an investigation of small scale variation at the ward-level
title_short Spatial variation of heart failure and air pollution in Warwickshire, UK: an investigation of small scale variation at the ward-level
title_sort spatial variation of heart failure and air pollution in warwickshire, uk: an investigation of small scale variation at the ward-level
topic Epidemiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256640/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25468504
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006028
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