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The conjunctival microbiome in health and trachomatous disease: a case control study

BACKGROUND: Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, remains the world’s leading infectious cause of blindness. Repeated ocular infection during childhood leads to scarring of the conjunctiva, in-turning of the eyelashes (trichiasis) and corneal opacity in later life. There is a growing body of ev...

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Autores principales: Zhou, Yanjiao, Holland, Martin J, Makalo, Pateh, Joof, Hassan, Roberts, Chrissy h, Mabey, David CW, Bailey, Robin L, Burton, Matthew J, Weinstock, George M, Burr, Sarah E
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256740/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25484919
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13073-014-0099-x
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author Zhou, Yanjiao
Holland, Martin J
Makalo, Pateh
Joof, Hassan
Roberts, Chrissy h
Mabey, David CW
Bailey, Robin L
Burton, Matthew J
Weinstock, George M
Burr, Sarah E
author_facet Zhou, Yanjiao
Holland, Martin J
Makalo, Pateh
Joof, Hassan
Roberts, Chrissy h
Mabey, David CW
Bailey, Robin L
Burton, Matthew J
Weinstock, George M
Burr, Sarah E
author_sort Zhou, Yanjiao
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, remains the world’s leading infectious cause of blindness. Repeated ocular infection during childhood leads to scarring of the conjunctiva, in-turning of the eyelashes (trichiasis) and corneal opacity in later life. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest non-chlamydial bacteria are associated with clinical signs of trachoma, independent of C. trachomatis infection. METHODS: We used deep sequencing of the V1-V3 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to characterize the microbiome of the conjunctiva of 220 residents of The Gambia, 105 with healthy conjunctivae and 115 with clinical signs of trachoma in the absence of detectable C. trachomatis infection. Deep sequencing was carried out using the Roche-454 platform. Sequence data were processed and analyzed through a pipeline developed by the Human Microbiome Project. RESULTS: The microbiome of healthy participants was influenced by age and season of sample collection with increased richness and diversity seen in younger participants and in samples collected during the dry season. Decreased diversity and an increased abundance of Corynebacterium and Streptococcus were seen in participants with conjunctival scarring compared to normal controls. Abundance of Corynebacterium was higher still in adults with scarring and trichiasis compared to adults with scarring only. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that changes in the conjunctival microbiome occur in trachomatous disease; whether these are a cause or a consequence is yet unknown. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-014-0099-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-42567402014-12-05 The conjunctival microbiome in health and trachomatous disease: a case control study Zhou, Yanjiao Holland, Martin J Makalo, Pateh Joof, Hassan Roberts, Chrissy h Mabey, David CW Bailey, Robin L Burton, Matthew J Weinstock, George M Burr, Sarah E Genome Med Research BACKGROUND: Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, remains the world’s leading infectious cause of blindness. Repeated ocular infection during childhood leads to scarring of the conjunctiva, in-turning of the eyelashes (trichiasis) and corneal opacity in later life. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest non-chlamydial bacteria are associated with clinical signs of trachoma, independent of C. trachomatis infection. METHODS: We used deep sequencing of the V1-V3 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to characterize the microbiome of the conjunctiva of 220 residents of The Gambia, 105 with healthy conjunctivae and 115 with clinical signs of trachoma in the absence of detectable C. trachomatis infection. Deep sequencing was carried out using the Roche-454 platform. Sequence data were processed and analyzed through a pipeline developed by the Human Microbiome Project. RESULTS: The microbiome of healthy participants was influenced by age and season of sample collection with increased richness and diversity seen in younger participants and in samples collected during the dry season. Decreased diversity and an increased abundance of Corynebacterium and Streptococcus were seen in participants with conjunctival scarring compared to normal controls. Abundance of Corynebacterium was higher still in adults with scarring and trichiasis compared to adults with scarring only. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that changes in the conjunctival microbiome occur in trachomatous disease; whether these are a cause or a consequence is yet unknown. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-014-0099-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2014-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4256740/ /pubmed/25484919 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13073-014-0099-x Text en © Zhou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Zhou, Yanjiao
Holland, Martin J
Makalo, Pateh
Joof, Hassan
Roberts, Chrissy h
Mabey, David CW
Bailey, Robin L
Burton, Matthew J
Weinstock, George M
Burr, Sarah E
The conjunctival microbiome in health and trachomatous disease: a case control study
title The conjunctival microbiome in health and trachomatous disease: a case control study
title_full The conjunctival microbiome in health and trachomatous disease: a case control study
title_fullStr The conjunctival microbiome in health and trachomatous disease: a case control study
title_full_unstemmed The conjunctival microbiome in health and trachomatous disease: a case control study
title_short The conjunctival microbiome in health and trachomatous disease: a case control study
title_sort conjunctival microbiome in health and trachomatous disease: a case control study
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256740/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25484919
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13073-014-0099-x
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