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New avenues for regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormones and analogs
Weight loss due to negative energy balance is a goal in counteracting obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The thyroid is known to be an important regulator of energy metabolism through the action of thyroid hormones (THs). The classic, active TH, 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) acts predominantly...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256992/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25538628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00475 |
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author | Senese, Rosalba Lasala, Pasquale Leanza, Cristina de Lange, Pieter |
author_facet | Senese, Rosalba Lasala, Pasquale Leanza, Cristina de Lange, Pieter |
author_sort | Senese, Rosalba |
collection | PubMed |
description | Weight loss due to negative energy balance is a goal in counteracting obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The thyroid is known to be an important regulator of energy metabolism through the action of thyroid hormones (THs). The classic, active TH, 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) acts predominantly by binding to nuclear receptors termed TH receptors (TRs), that recognize TH response elements (TREs) on the DNA, and so regulate transcription. T3 also acts through “non-genomic” pathways that do not necessarily involve TRs. Lipid-lowering therapies have been suggested to have potential benefits, however, the establishment of comprehensive therapeutic strategies is still awaited. One drawback of using T3 in counteracting obesity has been the occurrence of heart rhythm disturbances. These are mediated through one TR, termed TRα. The end of the previous century saw the exploration of TH mimetics that specifically bind to TR beta in order to prevent cardiac disturbances, and TH derivatives such as 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2), that possess interesting biological activities. Several TH derivatives and functional analogs have low affinity for the TRs, and are suggested to act predominantly through non-genomic pathways. All this has opened new perspectives in thyroid physiology and TH derivative usage as anti-obesity therapies. This review addresses the pros and cons of these compounds, in light of their effects on energy balance regulation and on lipid/cholesterol metabolism. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4256992 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42569922014-12-23 New avenues for regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormones and analogs Senese, Rosalba Lasala, Pasquale Leanza, Cristina de Lange, Pieter Front Physiol Physiology Weight loss due to negative energy balance is a goal in counteracting obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The thyroid is known to be an important regulator of energy metabolism through the action of thyroid hormones (THs). The classic, active TH, 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) acts predominantly by binding to nuclear receptors termed TH receptors (TRs), that recognize TH response elements (TREs) on the DNA, and so regulate transcription. T3 also acts through “non-genomic” pathways that do not necessarily involve TRs. Lipid-lowering therapies have been suggested to have potential benefits, however, the establishment of comprehensive therapeutic strategies is still awaited. One drawback of using T3 in counteracting obesity has been the occurrence of heart rhythm disturbances. These are mediated through one TR, termed TRα. The end of the previous century saw the exploration of TH mimetics that specifically bind to TR beta in order to prevent cardiac disturbances, and TH derivatives such as 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2), that possess interesting biological activities. Several TH derivatives and functional analogs have low affinity for the TRs, and are suggested to act predominantly through non-genomic pathways. All this has opened new perspectives in thyroid physiology and TH derivative usage as anti-obesity therapies. This review addresses the pros and cons of these compounds, in light of their effects on energy balance regulation and on lipid/cholesterol metabolism. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4256992/ /pubmed/25538628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00475 Text en Copyright © 2014 Senese, Lasala, Leanza and de Lange. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Senese, Rosalba Lasala, Pasquale Leanza, Cristina de Lange, Pieter New avenues for regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormones and analogs |
title | New avenues for regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormones and analogs |
title_full | New avenues for regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormones and analogs |
title_fullStr | New avenues for regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormones and analogs |
title_full_unstemmed | New avenues for regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormones and analogs |
title_short | New avenues for regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormones and analogs |
title_sort | new avenues for regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormones and analogs |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256992/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25538628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00475 |
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