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Genetic and epigenetic catalysts in early-life programming of adult cardiometabolic disorders
Evidence has emerged across the past few decades that the lifetime risk of developing morbidities like type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease may be influenced by exposures that occur in utero and in childhood. Developmental abnormalities are known to occur at various stages in fetal g...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Dove Medical Press
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4257022/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25489250 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S51433 |
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author | Estampador, Angela C Franks, Paul W |
author_facet | Estampador, Angela C Franks, Paul W |
author_sort | Estampador, Angela C |
collection | PubMed |
description | Evidence has emerged across the past few decades that the lifetime risk of developing morbidities like type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease may be influenced by exposures that occur in utero and in childhood. Developmental abnormalities are known to occur at various stages in fetal growth. Epidemiological and mechanistic studies have sought to delineate developmental processes and plausible risk factors influencing pregnancy outcomes and later health. Whether these observations reflect causal processes or are confounded by genetic and social factors remains unclear, although animal (and some human) studies suggest that epigenetic programming events may be involved. Regardless of the causal basis to observations of early-life risk factors and later disease risk, the fact that such associations exist and that they are of a fairly large magnitude justifies further research around this topic. Furthermore, additional information is needed to substantiate public health guidelines on lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy to improve infant health outcomes. Indeed, lifestyle intervention clinical trials in pregnancy are now coming online, where materials and data are being collected that should facilitate understanding of the causal nature of intrauterine exposures related with gestational weight gain, such as elevated maternal blood glucose concentrations. In this review, we provide an overview of these concepts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4257022 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Dove Medical Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42570222014-12-08 Genetic and epigenetic catalysts in early-life programming of adult cardiometabolic disorders Estampador, Angela C Franks, Paul W Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Review Evidence has emerged across the past few decades that the lifetime risk of developing morbidities like type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease may be influenced by exposures that occur in utero and in childhood. Developmental abnormalities are known to occur at various stages in fetal growth. Epidemiological and mechanistic studies have sought to delineate developmental processes and plausible risk factors influencing pregnancy outcomes and later health. Whether these observations reflect causal processes or are confounded by genetic and social factors remains unclear, although animal (and some human) studies suggest that epigenetic programming events may be involved. Regardless of the causal basis to observations of early-life risk factors and later disease risk, the fact that such associations exist and that they are of a fairly large magnitude justifies further research around this topic. Furthermore, additional information is needed to substantiate public health guidelines on lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy to improve infant health outcomes. Indeed, lifestyle intervention clinical trials in pregnancy are now coming online, where materials and data are being collected that should facilitate understanding of the causal nature of intrauterine exposures related with gestational weight gain, such as elevated maternal blood glucose concentrations. In this review, we provide an overview of these concepts. Dove Medical Press 2014-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4257022/ /pubmed/25489250 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S51433 Text en © 2014 Estampador and Franks. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. |
spellingShingle | Review Estampador, Angela C Franks, Paul W Genetic and epigenetic catalysts in early-life programming of adult cardiometabolic disorders |
title | Genetic and epigenetic catalysts in early-life programming of adult cardiometabolic disorders |
title_full | Genetic and epigenetic catalysts in early-life programming of adult cardiometabolic disorders |
title_fullStr | Genetic and epigenetic catalysts in early-life programming of adult cardiometabolic disorders |
title_full_unstemmed | Genetic and epigenetic catalysts in early-life programming of adult cardiometabolic disorders |
title_short | Genetic and epigenetic catalysts in early-life programming of adult cardiometabolic disorders |
title_sort | genetic and epigenetic catalysts in early-life programming of adult cardiometabolic disorders |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4257022/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25489250 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S51433 |
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