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Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes
BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is the major cause of morbidities and mortalities worldwide. In this study we aimed to review the mechanism of atherosclerosis and its risk factors, focusing on new findings in atherosclerosis markers and its risk factors. Furthermore, the role of antioxidants and medicin...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258672/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25489440 |
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author | Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud Setorki, Mahbubeh Doudi, Monir Baradaran, Azar Nasri, Hamid |
author_facet | Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud Setorki, Mahbubeh Doudi, Monir Baradaran, Azar Nasri, Hamid |
author_sort | Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is the major cause of morbidities and mortalities worldwide. In this study we aimed to review the mechanism of atherosclerosis and its risk factors, focusing on new findings in atherosclerosis markers and its risk factors. Furthermore, the role of antioxidants and medicinal herbs in atherosclerosis and endothelial damage has been discussed and a list of important medicinal plants effective in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis is presented. METHODS: The recently published papers about atherosclerosis pathogenesis and herbal medicines effective in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis were searched. RESULTS: Inflammation has a crucial role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The disease is accompanied by excessive fibrosis of the intima, fatty plaques formation, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and migration of a group of cells such as monocytes, T cells, and platelets which are formed in response to inflammation. The oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to Ox-LDL indicates the first step of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular diseases. Malondialdehyde factor shows the level of lipoperoxidation and is a sign of increased oxidative pressure and cardiovascular diseases. In special pathological conditions such as severe hypercholesterolemia, peroxynitrite concentration increases and atherosclerosis and vascular damage are intensified. Medicinal plants have shown to be capable of interacting these or other pathogenesis factors to prevent atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis factors involved in atherosclerosis have recently been cleared and the discovery of these factors has brought about new hopes for better prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4258672 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42586722014-12-08 Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud Setorki, Mahbubeh Doudi, Monir Baradaran, Azar Nasri, Hamid Int J Prev Med Review Article BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is the major cause of morbidities and mortalities worldwide. In this study we aimed to review the mechanism of atherosclerosis and its risk factors, focusing on new findings in atherosclerosis markers and its risk factors. Furthermore, the role of antioxidants and medicinal herbs in atherosclerosis and endothelial damage has been discussed and a list of important medicinal plants effective in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis is presented. METHODS: The recently published papers about atherosclerosis pathogenesis and herbal medicines effective in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis were searched. RESULTS: Inflammation has a crucial role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The disease is accompanied by excessive fibrosis of the intima, fatty plaques formation, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and migration of a group of cells such as monocytes, T cells, and platelets which are formed in response to inflammation. The oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to Ox-LDL indicates the first step of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular diseases. Malondialdehyde factor shows the level of lipoperoxidation and is a sign of increased oxidative pressure and cardiovascular diseases. In special pathological conditions such as severe hypercholesterolemia, peroxynitrite concentration increases and atherosclerosis and vascular damage are intensified. Medicinal plants have shown to be capable of interacting these or other pathogenesis factors to prevent atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis factors involved in atherosclerosis have recently been cleared and the discovery of these factors has brought about new hopes for better prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2014-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4258672/ /pubmed/25489440 Text en Copyright: © International Journal of Preventive Medicine http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud Setorki, Mahbubeh Doudi, Monir Baradaran, Azar Nasri, Hamid Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes |
title | Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes |
title_full | Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes |
title_fullStr | Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes |
title_full_unstemmed | Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes |
title_short | Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes |
title_sort | atherosclerosis: process, indicators, risk factors and new hopes |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258672/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25489440 |
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