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Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is the major cause of morbidities and mortalities worldwide. In this study we aimed to review the mechanism of atherosclerosis and its risk factors, focusing on new findings in atherosclerosis markers and its risk factors. Furthermore, the role of antioxidants and medicin...

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Autores principales: Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud, Setorki, Mahbubeh, Doudi, Monir, Baradaran, Azar, Nasri, Hamid
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258672/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25489440
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author Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud
Setorki, Mahbubeh
Doudi, Monir
Baradaran, Azar
Nasri, Hamid
author_facet Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud
Setorki, Mahbubeh
Doudi, Monir
Baradaran, Azar
Nasri, Hamid
author_sort Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is the major cause of morbidities and mortalities worldwide. In this study we aimed to review the mechanism of atherosclerosis and its risk factors, focusing on new findings in atherosclerosis markers and its risk factors. Furthermore, the role of antioxidants and medicinal herbs in atherosclerosis and endothelial damage has been discussed and a list of important medicinal plants effective in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis is presented. METHODS: The recently published papers about atherosclerosis pathogenesis and herbal medicines effective in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis were searched. RESULTS: Inflammation has a crucial role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The disease is accompanied by excessive fibrosis of the intima, fatty plaques formation, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and migration of a group of cells such as monocytes, T cells, and platelets which are formed in response to inflammation. The oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to Ox-LDL indicates the first step of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular diseases. Malondialdehyde factor shows the level of lipoperoxidation and is a sign of increased oxidative pressure and cardiovascular diseases. In special pathological conditions such as severe hypercholesterolemia, peroxynitrite concentration increases and atherosclerosis and vascular damage are intensified. Medicinal plants have shown to be capable of interacting these or other pathogenesis factors to prevent atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis factors involved in atherosclerosis have recently been cleared and the discovery of these factors has brought about new hopes for better prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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spelling pubmed-42586722014-12-08 Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud Setorki, Mahbubeh Doudi, Monir Baradaran, Azar Nasri, Hamid Int J Prev Med Review Article BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is the major cause of morbidities and mortalities worldwide. In this study we aimed to review the mechanism of atherosclerosis and its risk factors, focusing on new findings in atherosclerosis markers and its risk factors. Furthermore, the role of antioxidants and medicinal herbs in atherosclerosis and endothelial damage has been discussed and a list of important medicinal plants effective in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis is presented. METHODS: The recently published papers about atherosclerosis pathogenesis and herbal medicines effective in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis were searched. RESULTS: Inflammation has a crucial role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The disease is accompanied by excessive fibrosis of the intima, fatty plaques formation, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and migration of a group of cells such as monocytes, T cells, and platelets which are formed in response to inflammation. The oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to Ox-LDL indicates the first step of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular diseases. Malondialdehyde factor shows the level of lipoperoxidation and is a sign of increased oxidative pressure and cardiovascular diseases. In special pathological conditions such as severe hypercholesterolemia, peroxynitrite concentration increases and atherosclerosis and vascular damage are intensified. Medicinal plants have shown to be capable of interacting these or other pathogenesis factors to prevent atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis factors involved in atherosclerosis have recently been cleared and the discovery of these factors has brought about new hopes for better prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2014-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4258672/ /pubmed/25489440 Text en Copyright: © International Journal of Preventive Medicine http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud
Setorki, Mahbubeh
Doudi, Monir
Baradaran, Azar
Nasri, Hamid
Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes
title Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes
title_full Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes
title_fullStr Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes
title_full_unstemmed Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes
title_short Atherosclerosis: Process, Indicators, Risk Factors and New Hopes
title_sort atherosclerosis: process, indicators, risk factors and new hopes
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258672/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25489440
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