Comparison of microalbuminuria among treatment naïve HIV sero-positive and negative adult clients in Faith Alive Foundation Hospital, Jos

BACKGROUND: This study is to determine microalbuminuria in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients before commencement of highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients with the HIV infection seen in the HIV counselling and testing (HCT) unit of the Faith Alive Foundation Hospital, Jos, and a similar group of healthy uninfected patients were evaluated for renal disease: Urinary albumin and urinary creatinine were analysed. RESULTS: Of the 200 patients with HIV infection and 100 uninfected controls studied, increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was present in 39 (19.5%) of the subjects and 5.0 (5.0%) of controls. The difference between the mean values for the UAE for both subjects and controls [182.3 ± 54.3 and 163.9 ± 39.3 mg/l, respectively (P = 0.006)] was statistically significant. On the other hand the urinary creatinine for both the subjects and controls [11.7 ± 5.2 and 12.0 ± 4.8 mmol/L, respectively (P = 0.6)] was not statistically significant. The difference between the mean urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) for both subjects and controls [1.8 ± 1.2 mg/mmol and 1.4 ± 0.4 mg/mmol respectively (P = 0.001)] was statistically significant. CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION: Increase UAE is a common complication of HIV infection due to a number of factors other than HAART. Early screening for renal disease using microalbuminuria is very useful since the use of medications such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, which could help reverse progression to end-stage renal disease.