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Fast-food consumption and body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether reported fast-food consumption over the previous year is associated with higher childhood or adolescent body mass index (BMI). DESIGN: Secondary analysis from a multicentre, multicountry cross-sectional study (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4265088/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25488096 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005813 |
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author | Braithwaite, Irene Stewart, Alistair W Hancox, Robert J Beasley, Richard Murphy, Rinki Mitchell, Edwin A |
author_facet | Braithwaite, Irene Stewart, Alistair W Hancox, Robert J Beasley, Richard Murphy, Rinki Mitchell, Edwin A |
author_sort | Braithwaite, Irene |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether reported fast-food consumption over the previous year is associated with higher childhood or adolescent body mass index (BMI). DESIGN: Secondary analysis from a multicentre, multicountry cross-sectional study (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) Phase Three). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Parents/guardians of children aged 6–7 completed questionnaires which included questions about their children's asthma and allergies, fast-food consumption, height and weight. Adolescents aged 13–14 completed the same questionnaire. The questionnaire asked “In the past 12 months, how often on average did you (your child) eat fast-food/burgers?” The responses were infrequent (never/only occasionally), frequent (once/twice a week) or very frequent (three or more times per week). A general linear mixed model was used to determine the association between BMI and fast-food consumption, adjusting for Gross National Income per capita by country, measurement type (whether heights/weights were reported or measured), age and sex. RESULTS: 72 900 children (17 countries) and 199 135 adolescents (36 countries) provided data. Frequent and very frequent fast-food consumption was reported in 23% and 4% of children, and 39% and 13% of adolescents, respectively. Children in the frequent and very frequent groups had a BMI that was 0.15 and 0.22 kg/m(2) higher than those in the infrequent group (p<0.001). Male adolescents in the frequent and very frequent groups had a BMI that was 0.14 and 0.28 kg/m(2) lower than those in the infrequent group (p<0.001). Female adolescents in the frequent and very frequent groups had a BMI that was 0.19 kg/m(2) lower than those in the infrequent group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Reported fast-food consumption is high in childhood and increases in adolescence. Compared with infrequent fast-food consumption, frequent and very frequent consumption is associated with a higher BMI in children. Owing to residual confounding, reverse causation and likely misreporting, the reverse association observed in adolescents should be interpreted with caution. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4265088 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42650882014-12-15 Fast-food consumption and body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study Braithwaite, Irene Stewart, Alistair W Hancox, Robert J Beasley, Richard Murphy, Rinki Mitchell, Edwin A BMJ Open Paediatrics OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether reported fast-food consumption over the previous year is associated with higher childhood or adolescent body mass index (BMI). DESIGN: Secondary analysis from a multicentre, multicountry cross-sectional study (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) Phase Three). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Parents/guardians of children aged 6–7 completed questionnaires which included questions about their children's asthma and allergies, fast-food consumption, height and weight. Adolescents aged 13–14 completed the same questionnaire. The questionnaire asked “In the past 12 months, how often on average did you (your child) eat fast-food/burgers?” The responses were infrequent (never/only occasionally), frequent (once/twice a week) or very frequent (three or more times per week). A general linear mixed model was used to determine the association between BMI and fast-food consumption, adjusting for Gross National Income per capita by country, measurement type (whether heights/weights were reported or measured), age and sex. RESULTS: 72 900 children (17 countries) and 199 135 adolescents (36 countries) provided data. Frequent and very frequent fast-food consumption was reported in 23% and 4% of children, and 39% and 13% of adolescents, respectively. Children in the frequent and very frequent groups had a BMI that was 0.15 and 0.22 kg/m(2) higher than those in the infrequent group (p<0.001). Male adolescents in the frequent and very frequent groups had a BMI that was 0.14 and 0.28 kg/m(2) lower than those in the infrequent group (p<0.001). Female adolescents in the frequent and very frequent groups had a BMI that was 0.19 kg/m(2) lower than those in the infrequent group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Reported fast-food consumption is high in childhood and increases in adolescence. Compared with infrequent fast-food consumption, frequent and very frequent consumption is associated with a higher BMI in children. Owing to residual confounding, reverse causation and likely misreporting, the reverse association observed in adolescents should be interpreted with caution. BMJ Publishing Group 2014-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4265088/ /pubmed/25488096 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005813 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Paediatrics Braithwaite, Irene Stewart, Alistair W Hancox, Robert J Beasley, Richard Murphy, Rinki Mitchell, Edwin A Fast-food consumption and body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study |
title | Fast-food consumption and body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study |
title_full | Fast-food consumption and body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study |
title_fullStr | Fast-food consumption and body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study |
title_full_unstemmed | Fast-food consumption and body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study |
title_short | Fast-food consumption and body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study |
title_sort | fast-food consumption and body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study |
topic | Paediatrics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4265088/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25488096 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005813 |
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