Influence of acute hyperlipidemia to adipocyte-derived hormones in lean normotensive and subjects with metabolic syndrome

BACKGROUND: Adipocyte-derived factors and regulators likely contribute to the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with central obesity. This study was undertaken to assess the contribution of leptin, adiponectin, and acylation stimulating protein (ASP-C3ades/ARG) to hemodynamic (blood pressure [BP]) and metabolic (insulin, glucose, lipids) features of MetS. METHODS: In this study, leptin, adiponectin, and C3ades/ARG were measured at baseline and in response to an infusion of Intralipid(®) and heparin in 12 lean healthy controls and 12 patients with MetS. RESULTS: Baseline plasma leptin (27.6 ± 6.2 vs. 10.9 ± 3.8 ng/mL, p < 0.01) and plasma C3ades/ARG (273 ± 79 vs 198 ± 57 mg/dL, p < 0.05) were higher in the MetS than control group, whereas baseline plasma adiponectin was higher in the control than MetS group (9.9 ± 1.9 vs. 5.4 ± 0.6 g/mL). Plasma leptin correlated with body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic BP (r = 0.53-0.77, p < 0.01). Conversely, adiponectin correlated inversely with insulin, glucose, waist circumference, and insulin sensitivity (r = 0.48-0.51, p ≤ 0.02). Plasma triglycerides increased similarly in MetS and control groups after 4-hours of Intralipid and heparin. C3ades/ARG increased only in lean volunteers. The decrease in triglycerides 1-hour post-infusion was lower in the MetS than control group (-116 ± 33 vs. -282 ± 81 mg/dL, p = 0.01) and correlated inversely with the change in C3ades/ARG. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that leptin is more closely associated with hemodynamic (BP) aspects of MetS, whereas adiponectin and C3ades/ARG are more closely associated with metabolic components.