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Effects of high NH(+)(4) on K(+) uptake, culm mechanical strength and grain filling in wheat

It is well established that a high external NH(+)(4) concentration depresses many processes in plant development, but the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. To determine whether the negative effects of high levels of NH(+)(4) are related to competitive cation uptake, wheat was grow...

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Autores principales: Kong, Lingan, Sun, Mingze, Wang, Fahong, Liu, Jia, Feng, Bo, Si, Jisheng, Zhang, Bin, Li, Shengdong, Li, Huawei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4267191/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25566278
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00703
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author Kong, Lingan
Sun, Mingze
Wang, Fahong
Liu, Jia
Feng, Bo
Si, Jisheng
Zhang, Bin
Li, Shengdong
Li, Huawei
author_facet Kong, Lingan
Sun, Mingze
Wang, Fahong
Liu, Jia
Feng, Bo
Si, Jisheng
Zhang, Bin
Li, Shengdong
Li, Huawei
author_sort Kong, Lingan
collection PubMed
description It is well established that a high external NH(+)(4) concentration depresses many processes in plant development, but the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. To determine whether the negative effects of high levels of NH(+)(4) are related to competitive cation uptake, wheat was grown in a field with moderate (18 g N m(−2)) and high (30 g N m(−2)) supplies of NH(+)(4) in the presence or absence of additional K(+) (6 g K(2)O m(−2)) to examine culm mechanical strength, the main components of the vascular bundle, nitrogen (N) remobilization and the grain-filling rate. The results indicated that an excessive supply of NH(+)(4) significantly decreased culm mechanical strength, the cellulose and lignin contents of vascular bundles, the N remobilization efficiency (NRE) and the grain-filling rate compared with a moderate level of NH(+)(4). The additional provision of K(+) considerably alleviated these negative effects of high NH(+)(4), resulting in a 19.41–26.95% increase in culm mechanical strength during grain filling and a 34.59% increase in the NRE. An assay using the scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) showed that the net rate of transmembrane K(+) influx decreased by 84.62%, and measurements using flame photometry demonstrated that the K(+) content decreased by 36.13% in wheat plants subjected to high NH(+)(4). This study indicates that the effects of high NH(+)(4) on culm mechanical strength, cellulose and lignin contents, the NRE and the grain-filling rate are probably associated with inhibition of K(+) uptake in wheat.
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spelling pubmed-42671912015-01-06 Effects of high NH(+)(4) on K(+) uptake, culm mechanical strength and grain filling in wheat Kong, Lingan Sun, Mingze Wang, Fahong Liu, Jia Feng, Bo Si, Jisheng Zhang, Bin Li, Shengdong Li, Huawei Front Plant Sci Plant Science It is well established that a high external NH(+)(4) concentration depresses many processes in plant development, but the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. To determine whether the negative effects of high levels of NH(+)(4) are related to competitive cation uptake, wheat was grown in a field with moderate (18 g N m(−2)) and high (30 g N m(−2)) supplies of NH(+)(4) in the presence or absence of additional K(+) (6 g K(2)O m(−2)) to examine culm mechanical strength, the main components of the vascular bundle, nitrogen (N) remobilization and the grain-filling rate. The results indicated that an excessive supply of NH(+)(4) significantly decreased culm mechanical strength, the cellulose and lignin contents of vascular bundles, the N remobilization efficiency (NRE) and the grain-filling rate compared with a moderate level of NH(+)(4). The additional provision of K(+) considerably alleviated these negative effects of high NH(+)(4), resulting in a 19.41–26.95% increase in culm mechanical strength during grain filling and a 34.59% increase in the NRE. An assay using the scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) showed that the net rate of transmembrane K(+) influx decreased by 84.62%, and measurements using flame photometry demonstrated that the K(+) content decreased by 36.13% in wheat plants subjected to high NH(+)(4). This study indicates that the effects of high NH(+)(4) on culm mechanical strength, cellulose and lignin contents, the NRE and the grain-filling rate are probably associated with inhibition of K(+) uptake in wheat. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4267191/ /pubmed/25566278 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00703 Text en Copyright © 2014 Kong, Sun, Wang, Liu, Feng, Si, Zhang, Li and Li. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Kong, Lingan
Sun, Mingze
Wang, Fahong
Liu, Jia
Feng, Bo
Si, Jisheng
Zhang, Bin
Li, Shengdong
Li, Huawei
Effects of high NH(+)(4) on K(+) uptake, culm mechanical strength and grain filling in wheat
title Effects of high NH(+)(4) on K(+) uptake, culm mechanical strength and grain filling in wheat
title_full Effects of high NH(+)(4) on K(+) uptake, culm mechanical strength and grain filling in wheat
title_fullStr Effects of high NH(+)(4) on K(+) uptake, culm mechanical strength and grain filling in wheat
title_full_unstemmed Effects of high NH(+)(4) on K(+) uptake, culm mechanical strength and grain filling in wheat
title_short Effects of high NH(+)(4) on K(+) uptake, culm mechanical strength and grain filling in wheat
title_sort effects of high nh(+)(4) on k(+) uptake, culm mechanical strength and grain filling in wheat
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4267191/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25566278
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00703
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