The calcium stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum acts as a safety mechanism in rainbow trout heart

Cardiomyocyte contraction depends on rapid changes in intracellular Ca(2+). In mammals, Ca(2+) influx as L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)) triggers the release of Ca(2+) from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) is critical for excitation-contraction coupling. In fish, the relative contribution of external and internal Ca(2+) is unclear. Here, we characterized the role of I(Ca) to trigger SR Ca(2+) release in rainbow trout ventricular myocytes using I(Ca) regulation by Ca(2+) as an index of CICR. I(Ca) was recorded with a slow (EGTA) or fast (BAPTA) Ca(2+) chelator in control and isoproterenol conditions. In the absence of β-adrenergic stimulation, the rate of I(Ca) inactivation was not significantly different in EGTA and BAPTA (27.1 ± 1.8 vs. 30.3 ± 2.4 ms), whereas with isoproterenol (1 μM), inactivation was significantly faster with EGTA (11.6 ± 1.7 vs. 27.3 ± 1.6 ms). When barium was the charge carrier, inactivation was significantly slower in both conditions (61.9 ± 6.1 vs. 68.0 ± 8.7 ms, control, isoproterenol). Quantification revealed that without isoproterenol, only 39% of I(Ca) inactivation was due to Ca(2+), while with isoproterenol, inactivation was Ca(2+)-dependent (∼65%) and highly reliant on SR Ca(2+) (∼46%). Thus, SR Ca(2+) is not released in basal conditions, and I(Ca) is the main trigger of contraction, whereas during a stress response, SR Ca(2+) is an important source of cytosolic Ca(2+). This was not attributed to differences in SR Ca(2+) load because caffeine-induced transients were not different in both conditions. Therefore, Ca(2+) stored in SR of trout cardiomyocytes may act as a safety mechanism, allowing greater contraction when higher contractility is required, such as stress or exercise.