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An Evaluation of Welding Processes to Reduce Hexavalent Chromium Exposures and Reduce Costs by Using Better Welding Techniques
A group of stainless steel arc welding processes was compared for emission rates of fume and hexavalent chromium, and costs per meter length of weld. The objective was to identify those with minimal emissions and also compare relative labor and consumables costs. The selection included flux-cored ar...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Libertas Academica
2014
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4270263/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25574138 http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/EHI.S15259 |
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author | Keane, Michael J |
author_facet | Keane, Michael J |
author_sort | Keane, Michael J |
collection | PubMed |
description | A group of stainless steel arc welding processes was compared for emission rates of fume and hexavalent chromium, and costs per meter length of weld. The objective was to identify those with minimal emissions and also compare relative labor and consumables costs. The selection included flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), shielded-metal arc welding (SMAW), and multiple gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes. Using a conical chamber, fumes were collected, and fume generation rates and hexavalent chromium (Cr(6+)) were measured. GMAW processes used were short-circuit (SC) and pulsed-spray modes. Flux-cored welding used gas shielding. Costs were estimated per meter of a 6.3-mm thick horizontal butt weld. Emission rates of Cr(6+) were lowest for GMAW processes and highest for SMAW; several GMAW processes had less than 2% of the SMAW generation rate. Labor and consumable costs for the processes studied were again highest for SMAW, with those of several GMAW types about half that cost. The results show that use of any of the GMAW processes (and flux-cored welding) could substantially reduce fume and Cr(6+) emissions, and greatly reduce costs relative to SMAW. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4270263 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Libertas Academica |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42702632015-01-08 An Evaluation of Welding Processes to Reduce Hexavalent Chromium Exposures and Reduce Costs by Using Better Welding Techniques Keane, Michael J Environ Health Insights Original Research A group of stainless steel arc welding processes was compared for emission rates of fume and hexavalent chromium, and costs per meter length of weld. The objective was to identify those with minimal emissions and also compare relative labor and consumables costs. The selection included flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), shielded-metal arc welding (SMAW), and multiple gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes. Using a conical chamber, fumes were collected, and fume generation rates and hexavalent chromium (Cr(6+)) were measured. GMAW processes used were short-circuit (SC) and pulsed-spray modes. Flux-cored welding used gas shielding. Costs were estimated per meter of a 6.3-mm thick horizontal butt weld. Emission rates of Cr(6+) were lowest for GMAW processes and highest for SMAW; several GMAW processes had less than 2% of the SMAW generation rate. Labor and consumable costs for the processes studied were again highest for SMAW, with those of several GMAW types about half that cost. The results show that use of any of the GMAW processes (and flux-cored welding) could substantially reduce fume and Cr(6+) emissions, and greatly reduce costs relative to SMAW. Libertas Academica 2014-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4270263/ /pubmed/25574138 http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/EHI.S15259 Text en © 2014 the author(s), publisher and licensee Libertas Academica Ltd. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC 3.0 License. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Keane, Michael J An Evaluation of Welding Processes to Reduce Hexavalent Chromium Exposures and Reduce Costs by Using Better Welding Techniques |
title | An Evaluation of Welding Processes to Reduce Hexavalent Chromium Exposures and Reduce Costs by Using Better Welding Techniques |
title_full | An Evaluation of Welding Processes to Reduce Hexavalent Chromium Exposures and Reduce Costs by Using Better Welding Techniques |
title_fullStr | An Evaluation of Welding Processes to Reduce Hexavalent Chromium Exposures and Reduce Costs by Using Better Welding Techniques |
title_full_unstemmed | An Evaluation of Welding Processes to Reduce Hexavalent Chromium Exposures and Reduce Costs by Using Better Welding Techniques |
title_short | An Evaluation of Welding Processes to Reduce Hexavalent Chromium Exposures and Reduce Costs by Using Better Welding Techniques |
title_sort | evaluation of welding processes to reduce hexavalent chromium exposures and reduce costs by using better welding techniques |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4270263/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25574138 http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/EHI.S15259 |
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