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The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake

Background: The omnipresence of nanoparticles (NPs) in numerous goods has led to a constant risk of exposure and inadvertent uptake for humans. This situation calls for thorough investigation of the consequences of NP intake. As the vast mucosa of the human gastrointestinal tract represents an attra...

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Autores principales: Sinnecker, Heike, Krause, Thorsten, Koelling, Sabine, Lautenschläger, Ingmar, Frey, Andreas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Beilstein-Institut 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4273221/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25551037
http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.218
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author Sinnecker, Heike
Krause, Thorsten
Koelling, Sabine
Lautenschläger, Ingmar
Frey, Andreas
author_facet Sinnecker, Heike
Krause, Thorsten
Koelling, Sabine
Lautenschläger, Ingmar
Frey, Andreas
author_sort Sinnecker, Heike
collection PubMed
description Background: The omnipresence of nanoparticles (NPs) in numerous goods has led to a constant risk of exposure and inadvertent uptake for humans. This situation calls for thorough investigation of the consequences of NP intake. As the vast mucosa of the human gastrointestinal tract represents an attractive site of entry, we wanted to take a look on the fate that ingested NPs suffer in the gut. As a model to investigate NP uptake we used the isolated perfused rat small intestine. Differently sized fluorescent latex particles were used as exemplary anthropogenic NPs. Results: The particles were administered as bolus into the isolated intestine, and samples from the luminal, vascular and lymphatic compartments were collected over time. NP amounts in the different fluids were determined by fluorescence measurements. No particles could be detected in the vascular and lymphatic system. By contrast a major amount of NPs was found in luminal samples. Yet, a substantial share of particles could not be recovered in the fluid fractions, indicating a sink function of the intestinal tissue for NPs. A histological examination of the gut revealed that virtually no particles adhered to the epithelium or resided in the tissue, the bulk of particles seemed to be trapped in the mucus lining the gut tube. When this mucus was dissolved and removed from the gut almost the entire amount of particles missing could be recovered: over 95% of the given NPs were present in the two fractions, the luminal samples and the dissolved mucus. To foster NP uptake via an extended interaction time with the epithelium, the intestinal peristalsis was decelerated and the duration of the experiment was prolonged. Even under those conditions, no particle fluorescence was detected in the vascular and lymphatic samples. Conclusion: We could show that after intestinal exposure with a large dose of NPs the vast majority of NPs did obviously not come into contact with the epithelium but was either directly discarded from the gut or trapped in mucus. The healthy small intestinal tract evidently provides an effective barrier against NP uptake whereby the mucus film seems to play an important role.
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spelling pubmed-42732212014-12-30 The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake Sinnecker, Heike Krause, Thorsten Koelling, Sabine Lautenschläger, Ingmar Frey, Andreas Beilstein J Nanotechnol Full Research Paper Background: The omnipresence of nanoparticles (NPs) in numerous goods has led to a constant risk of exposure and inadvertent uptake for humans. This situation calls for thorough investigation of the consequences of NP intake. As the vast mucosa of the human gastrointestinal tract represents an attractive site of entry, we wanted to take a look on the fate that ingested NPs suffer in the gut. As a model to investigate NP uptake we used the isolated perfused rat small intestine. Differently sized fluorescent latex particles were used as exemplary anthropogenic NPs. Results: The particles were administered as bolus into the isolated intestine, and samples from the luminal, vascular and lymphatic compartments were collected over time. NP amounts in the different fluids were determined by fluorescence measurements. No particles could be detected in the vascular and lymphatic system. By contrast a major amount of NPs was found in luminal samples. Yet, a substantial share of particles could not be recovered in the fluid fractions, indicating a sink function of the intestinal tissue for NPs. A histological examination of the gut revealed that virtually no particles adhered to the epithelium or resided in the tissue, the bulk of particles seemed to be trapped in the mucus lining the gut tube. When this mucus was dissolved and removed from the gut almost the entire amount of particles missing could be recovered: over 95% of the given NPs were present in the two fractions, the luminal samples and the dissolved mucus. To foster NP uptake via an extended interaction time with the epithelium, the intestinal peristalsis was decelerated and the duration of the experiment was prolonged. Even under those conditions, no particle fluorescence was detected in the vascular and lymphatic samples. Conclusion: We could show that after intestinal exposure with a large dose of NPs the vast majority of NPs did obviously not come into contact with the epithelium but was either directly discarded from the gut or trapped in mucus. The healthy small intestinal tract evidently provides an effective barrier against NP uptake whereby the mucus film seems to play an important role. Beilstein-Institut 2014-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4273221/ /pubmed/25551037 http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.218 Text en Copyright © 2014, Sinnecker et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/termsThis is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology terms and conditions: (https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/terms)
spellingShingle Full Research Paper
Sinnecker, Heike
Krause, Thorsten
Koelling, Sabine
Lautenschläger, Ingmar
Frey, Andreas
The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake
title The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake
title_full The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake
title_fullStr The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake
title_full_unstemmed The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake
title_short The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake
title_sort gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake
topic Full Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4273221/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25551037
http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.218
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