Thermodynamic properties of liquid Au–Bi–Sn alloys

The thermodynamic properties of the liquid ternary Au–Bi–Sn alloys were determined using an electromotive force (EMF) method with an eutectic mixture of (KCl + LiCl) as liquid electrolyte. The cell arrangement was: [Formula: see text] The measurements were carried out over the temperature range from 723 K to 973 K. The compositions investigated were situated on three different cross-sections with a constant ratio of Au:Bi = 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2. The partial Gibbs free energies of Sn in liquid Au–Bi–Sn alloys were determined as a function of concentration and temperature. The integral Gibbs free energy and the integral enthalpy at T = 800 K were calculated by the Gibbs–Duhem integration. The ternary interaction parameters were evaluated using the Redlich–Kister–Muggianu polynomial.