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The Role of Hormones in the Differences in the Incidence of Breast Cancer between Mongolia and the United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: There are striking differences in breast cancer incidence between Asian and western women. Rates vary substantially within Asia also, with Mongolia's even lower than China's. These profound differences have been speculated to be due in part to diet, mediated by circulating horm...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4275167/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25536229 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114455 |
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author | Troisi, Rebecca Ganmaa, Daavasambuu dos Santos Silva, Isabel Davaalkham, Dambadarjaa Rosenberg, Philip S. Rich-Edwards, Janet Frasier, Lindsay Houghton, Lauren Janes, Craig Stanczyk, Frank Hoover, Robert N. |
author_facet | Troisi, Rebecca Ganmaa, Daavasambuu dos Santos Silva, Isabel Davaalkham, Dambadarjaa Rosenberg, Philip S. Rich-Edwards, Janet Frasier, Lindsay Houghton, Lauren Janes, Craig Stanczyk, Frank Hoover, Robert N. |
author_sort | Troisi, Rebecca |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: There are striking differences in breast cancer incidence between Asian and western women. Rates vary substantially within Asia also, with Mongolia's even lower than China's. These profound differences have been speculated to be due in part to diet, mediated by circulating hormone concentrations. METHODS: Sex steroid hormone concentrations were measured in women living in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia and the United Kingdom (U.K.). Diet was obtained by interview and national survey data. Mean hormone differences were compared by country, and systematic variation by number of days since last menstrual period was modeled and adjusted for age and parity; difference in overall area under the curves was assessed. FINDINGS: The diet in Mongolia was higher in meat and dairy than in the U.K. Mean testosterone concentrations were 18.5% lower (p<0.0001) while estradiol concentrations were 19.1% higher (p = 0.02) in Mongolian than British women, adjusted for age and parity. Progesterone was almost 50% higher in Mongolian women (p = 0.04), particularly during the follicular phase and early luteal surge. Hormone concentrations generally were similar in Mongolian women born in Ulaanbaatar compared with those born in rural areas, although there was a decreasing progesterone trend by degree of westernization (rural Mongolia; urban Mongolia; U.K.). Mean hormone differences were similar when restricted to parous women, and with further adjustment for body mass index, height, and smoking status. INTERPRETATION: These data augment accumulating evidence that circulating estrogens are unlikely to explain reduced breast cancer rates in Asia compared with the west, and suggest casting a wider net with respect to biomarkers. Lower testosterone and higher progesterone in Mongolian women raise the possibility that these hormones may be important to consider. In addition, the almost exclusive dietary reliance of Mongolians on meat and dairy argues against beneficial effects of a low-fat diet on circulating hormones explaining international breast cancer differences. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4275167 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42751672014-12-31 The Role of Hormones in the Differences in the Incidence of Breast Cancer between Mongolia and the United Kingdom Troisi, Rebecca Ganmaa, Daavasambuu dos Santos Silva, Isabel Davaalkham, Dambadarjaa Rosenberg, Philip S. Rich-Edwards, Janet Frasier, Lindsay Houghton, Lauren Janes, Craig Stanczyk, Frank Hoover, Robert N. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: There are striking differences in breast cancer incidence between Asian and western women. Rates vary substantially within Asia also, with Mongolia's even lower than China's. These profound differences have been speculated to be due in part to diet, mediated by circulating hormone concentrations. METHODS: Sex steroid hormone concentrations were measured in women living in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia and the United Kingdom (U.K.). Diet was obtained by interview and national survey data. Mean hormone differences were compared by country, and systematic variation by number of days since last menstrual period was modeled and adjusted for age and parity; difference in overall area under the curves was assessed. FINDINGS: The diet in Mongolia was higher in meat and dairy than in the U.K. Mean testosterone concentrations were 18.5% lower (p<0.0001) while estradiol concentrations were 19.1% higher (p = 0.02) in Mongolian than British women, adjusted for age and parity. Progesterone was almost 50% higher in Mongolian women (p = 0.04), particularly during the follicular phase and early luteal surge. Hormone concentrations generally were similar in Mongolian women born in Ulaanbaatar compared with those born in rural areas, although there was a decreasing progesterone trend by degree of westernization (rural Mongolia; urban Mongolia; U.K.). Mean hormone differences were similar when restricted to parous women, and with further adjustment for body mass index, height, and smoking status. INTERPRETATION: These data augment accumulating evidence that circulating estrogens are unlikely to explain reduced breast cancer rates in Asia compared with the west, and suggest casting a wider net with respect to biomarkers. Lower testosterone and higher progesterone in Mongolian women raise the possibility that these hormones may be important to consider. In addition, the almost exclusive dietary reliance of Mongolians on meat and dairy argues against beneficial effects of a low-fat diet on circulating hormones explaining international breast cancer differences. Public Library of Science 2014-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4275167/ /pubmed/25536229 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114455 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Troisi, Rebecca Ganmaa, Daavasambuu dos Santos Silva, Isabel Davaalkham, Dambadarjaa Rosenberg, Philip S. Rich-Edwards, Janet Frasier, Lindsay Houghton, Lauren Janes, Craig Stanczyk, Frank Hoover, Robert N. The Role of Hormones in the Differences in the Incidence of Breast Cancer between Mongolia and the United Kingdom |
title | The Role of Hormones in the Differences in the Incidence of Breast Cancer between Mongolia and the United Kingdom |
title_full | The Role of Hormones in the Differences in the Incidence of Breast Cancer between Mongolia and the United Kingdom |
title_fullStr | The Role of Hormones in the Differences in the Incidence of Breast Cancer between Mongolia and the United Kingdom |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Hormones in the Differences in the Incidence of Breast Cancer between Mongolia and the United Kingdom |
title_short | The Role of Hormones in the Differences in the Incidence of Breast Cancer between Mongolia and the United Kingdom |
title_sort | role of hormones in the differences in the incidence of breast cancer between mongolia and the united kingdom |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4275167/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25536229 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114455 |
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