Cargando…

The Increased Risk of Road Crashes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Adult Drivers: Driven by Distraction? Results from a Responsibility Case-Control Study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Both distractions (external and internal) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are serious risk factors for traffic crashes and injuries. However, it is still unknown if ADHD (a chronic condition) modifies the effect of distractions (irregular hazards) on tra...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: El Farouki, Kamal, Lagarde, Emmanuel, Orriols, Ludivine, Bouvard, Manuel-Pierre, Contrand, Benjamin, Galéra, Cédric
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4275204/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25536069
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115002
_version_ 1782350095519318016
author El Farouki, Kamal
Lagarde, Emmanuel
Orriols, Ludivine
Bouvard, Manuel-Pierre
Contrand, Benjamin
Galéra, Cédric
author_facet El Farouki, Kamal
Lagarde, Emmanuel
Orriols, Ludivine
Bouvard, Manuel-Pierre
Contrand, Benjamin
Galéra, Cédric
author_sort El Farouki, Kamal
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Both distractions (external and internal) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are serious risk factors for traffic crashes and injuries. However, it is still unknown if ADHD (a chronic condition) modifies the effect of distractions (irregular hazards) on traffic crashes. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of distractions and ADHD on traffic crash responsibility. METHODS: A responsibility case-control study was conducted in the adult emergency department of Bordeaux University Hospital, France. Subjects were recruited among drivers injured in a motor vehicle crash between April 2010 and August 2011. Responsibility levels were estimated using a standardized method. Frequencies of exposures were compared between drivers responsible and drivers not responsible for the crash. Independent risk factors were identified using a multivariate logistic regression including test interactions between distractions and ADHD. RESULTS: A total of 777 subjects were included in the analysis. Factors associated with responsibility were distraction induced by an external event (adjusted OR (aOR)  = 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.06–2.05]), distraction induced by an internal thought (aOR = 2.38; CI: [1.50–3.77]) and ADHD (aOR = 2.18 CI: [1.22–3.88]). The combined effect of ADHD and external distractions was strongly associated with responsibility for the crash (aOR = 5.79 CI: [2.06–16.32]). Interaction assessment showed that the attributable proportion due to the interaction among participants with both exposures was 68%. DISCUSSION: Adults with ADHD are a population at higher risk of being responsible for a road traffic crash when exposed to external distractions. This result reinforces the need to diagnose adult ADHD and to include road safety awareness messages delivered by the physician. Developing advanced driver assistance systems devoted to the management of attention lapses is also increasingly relevant for these drivers.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4275204
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2014
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-42752042014-12-31 The Increased Risk of Road Crashes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Adult Drivers: Driven by Distraction? Results from a Responsibility Case-Control Study El Farouki, Kamal Lagarde, Emmanuel Orriols, Ludivine Bouvard, Manuel-Pierre Contrand, Benjamin Galéra, Cédric PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Both distractions (external and internal) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are serious risk factors for traffic crashes and injuries. However, it is still unknown if ADHD (a chronic condition) modifies the effect of distractions (irregular hazards) on traffic crashes. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of distractions and ADHD on traffic crash responsibility. METHODS: A responsibility case-control study was conducted in the adult emergency department of Bordeaux University Hospital, France. Subjects were recruited among drivers injured in a motor vehicle crash between April 2010 and August 2011. Responsibility levels were estimated using a standardized method. Frequencies of exposures were compared between drivers responsible and drivers not responsible for the crash. Independent risk factors were identified using a multivariate logistic regression including test interactions between distractions and ADHD. RESULTS: A total of 777 subjects were included in the analysis. Factors associated with responsibility were distraction induced by an external event (adjusted OR (aOR)  = 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.06–2.05]), distraction induced by an internal thought (aOR = 2.38; CI: [1.50–3.77]) and ADHD (aOR = 2.18 CI: [1.22–3.88]). The combined effect of ADHD and external distractions was strongly associated with responsibility for the crash (aOR = 5.79 CI: [2.06–16.32]). Interaction assessment showed that the attributable proportion due to the interaction among participants with both exposures was 68%. DISCUSSION: Adults with ADHD are a population at higher risk of being responsible for a road traffic crash when exposed to external distractions. This result reinforces the need to diagnose adult ADHD and to include road safety awareness messages delivered by the physician. Developing advanced driver assistance systems devoted to the management of attention lapses is also increasingly relevant for these drivers. Public Library of Science 2014-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4275204/ /pubmed/25536069 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115002 Text en © 2014 El Farouki et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
El Farouki, Kamal
Lagarde, Emmanuel
Orriols, Ludivine
Bouvard, Manuel-Pierre
Contrand, Benjamin
Galéra, Cédric
The Increased Risk of Road Crashes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Adult Drivers: Driven by Distraction? Results from a Responsibility Case-Control Study
title The Increased Risk of Road Crashes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Adult Drivers: Driven by Distraction? Results from a Responsibility Case-Control Study
title_full The Increased Risk of Road Crashes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Adult Drivers: Driven by Distraction? Results from a Responsibility Case-Control Study
title_fullStr The Increased Risk of Road Crashes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Adult Drivers: Driven by Distraction? Results from a Responsibility Case-Control Study
title_full_unstemmed The Increased Risk of Road Crashes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Adult Drivers: Driven by Distraction? Results from a Responsibility Case-Control Study
title_short The Increased Risk of Road Crashes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Adult Drivers: Driven by Distraction? Results from a Responsibility Case-Control Study
title_sort increased risk of road crashes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) adult drivers: driven by distraction? results from a responsibility case-control study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4275204/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25536069
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115002
work_keys_str_mv AT elfaroukikamal theincreasedriskofroadcrashesinattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderadhdadultdriversdrivenbydistractionresultsfromaresponsibilitycasecontrolstudy
AT lagardeemmanuel theincreasedriskofroadcrashesinattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderadhdadultdriversdrivenbydistractionresultsfromaresponsibilitycasecontrolstudy
AT orriolsludivine theincreasedriskofroadcrashesinattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderadhdadultdriversdrivenbydistractionresultsfromaresponsibilitycasecontrolstudy
AT bouvardmanuelpierre theincreasedriskofroadcrashesinattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderadhdadultdriversdrivenbydistractionresultsfromaresponsibilitycasecontrolstudy
AT contrandbenjamin theincreasedriskofroadcrashesinattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderadhdadultdriversdrivenbydistractionresultsfromaresponsibilitycasecontrolstudy
AT galeracedric theincreasedriskofroadcrashesinattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderadhdadultdriversdrivenbydistractionresultsfromaresponsibilitycasecontrolstudy
AT elfaroukikamal increasedriskofroadcrashesinattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderadhdadultdriversdrivenbydistractionresultsfromaresponsibilitycasecontrolstudy
AT lagardeemmanuel increasedriskofroadcrashesinattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderadhdadultdriversdrivenbydistractionresultsfromaresponsibilitycasecontrolstudy
AT orriolsludivine increasedriskofroadcrashesinattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderadhdadultdriversdrivenbydistractionresultsfromaresponsibilitycasecontrolstudy
AT bouvardmanuelpierre increasedriskofroadcrashesinattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderadhdadultdriversdrivenbydistractionresultsfromaresponsibilitycasecontrolstudy
AT contrandbenjamin increasedriskofroadcrashesinattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderadhdadultdriversdrivenbydistractionresultsfromaresponsibilitycasecontrolstudy
AT galeracedric increasedriskofroadcrashesinattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderadhdadultdriversdrivenbydistractionresultsfromaresponsibilitycasecontrolstudy