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Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index on Hormones in Breast Milk: A Systematic Review
BACKGROUND: Maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) is positively associated with infant obesity risk. Breast milk contains a number of hormones that may influence infant metabolism during the neonatal period; these may have additional downstream effects on infant appetite regulatory pathways, thereby influe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4275218/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25536196 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115043 |
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author | Andreas, Nicholas J. Hyde, Matthew J. Gale, Chris Parkinson, James R. C. Jeffries, Suzan Holmes, Elaine Modi, Neena |
author_facet | Andreas, Nicholas J. Hyde, Matthew J. Gale, Chris Parkinson, James R. C. Jeffries, Suzan Holmes, Elaine Modi, Neena |
author_sort | Andreas, Nicholas J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) is positively associated with infant obesity risk. Breast milk contains a number of hormones that may influence infant metabolism during the neonatal period; these may have additional downstream effects on infant appetite regulatory pathways, thereby influencing propensity towards obesity in later life. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of studies examining the association between maternal BMI and the concentration of appetite-regulating hormones in breast milk. METHOD: Pubmed was searched for studies reporting the association between maternal BMI and leptin, adiponectin, insulin, ghrelin, resistin, obestatin, Peptide YY and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 in breast milk. RESULTS: Twenty six studies were identified and included in the systematic review. There was a high degree of variability between studies with regard to collection, preparation and analysis of breast milk samples. Eleven of fifteen studies reporting breast milk leptin found a positive association between maternal BMI and milk leptin concentration. Two of nine studies investigating adiponectin found an association between maternal BMI and breast milk adiponectin concentration; however significance was lost in one study following adjustment for time post-partum. No association was seen between maternal BMI and milk adiponectin in the other seven studies identified. Evidence for an association between other appetite regulating hormones and maternal BMI was either inconclusive, or lacking. CONCLUSIONS: A positive association between maternal BMI and breast milk leptin concentration is consistently found in most studies, despite variable methodology. Evidence for such an association with breast milk adiponectin concentration, however, is lacking with additional research needed for other hormones including insulin, ghrelin, resistin, obestatin, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1. As most current studies have been conducted with small sample sizes, future studies should ensure adequate sample sizes and standardized methodology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4275218 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42752182014-12-31 Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index on Hormones in Breast Milk: A Systematic Review Andreas, Nicholas J. Hyde, Matthew J. Gale, Chris Parkinson, James R. C. Jeffries, Suzan Holmes, Elaine Modi, Neena PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) is positively associated with infant obesity risk. Breast milk contains a number of hormones that may influence infant metabolism during the neonatal period; these may have additional downstream effects on infant appetite regulatory pathways, thereby influencing propensity towards obesity in later life. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of studies examining the association between maternal BMI and the concentration of appetite-regulating hormones in breast milk. METHOD: Pubmed was searched for studies reporting the association between maternal BMI and leptin, adiponectin, insulin, ghrelin, resistin, obestatin, Peptide YY and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 in breast milk. RESULTS: Twenty six studies were identified and included in the systematic review. There was a high degree of variability between studies with regard to collection, preparation and analysis of breast milk samples. Eleven of fifteen studies reporting breast milk leptin found a positive association between maternal BMI and milk leptin concentration. Two of nine studies investigating adiponectin found an association between maternal BMI and breast milk adiponectin concentration; however significance was lost in one study following adjustment for time post-partum. No association was seen between maternal BMI and milk adiponectin in the other seven studies identified. Evidence for an association between other appetite regulating hormones and maternal BMI was either inconclusive, or lacking. CONCLUSIONS: A positive association between maternal BMI and breast milk leptin concentration is consistently found in most studies, despite variable methodology. Evidence for such an association with breast milk adiponectin concentration, however, is lacking with additional research needed for other hormones including insulin, ghrelin, resistin, obestatin, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1. As most current studies have been conducted with small sample sizes, future studies should ensure adequate sample sizes and standardized methodology. Public Library of Science 2014-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4275218/ /pubmed/25536196 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115043 Text en © 2014 Andreas et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Andreas, Nicholas J. Hyde, Matthew J. Gale, Chris Parkinson, James R. C. Jeffries, Suzan Holmes, Elaine Modi, Neena Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index on Hormones in Breast Milk: A Systematic Review |
title | Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index on Hormones in Breast Milk: A Systematic Review |
title_full | Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index on Hormones in Breast Milk: A Systematic Review |
title_fullStr | Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index on Hormones in Breast Milk: A Systematic Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index on Hormones in Breast Milk: A Systematic Review |
title_short | Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index on Hormones in Breast Milk: A Systematic Review |
title_sort | effect of maternal body mass index on hormones in breast milk: a systematic review |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4275218/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25536196 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115043 |
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