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Parasite distribution and associated immune response during the acute phase of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep
BACKGROUND: In many countries, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a major cause of reproductive disorders and abortions in the sheep industry, and therefore responsible for important financial and economic losses. In addition, undercooked infected lamb is an important risk factor for human toxoplasmos...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4279818/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25511864 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-014-0293-5 |
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author | Verhelst, Delfien De Craeye, Stéphane Entrican, Gary Dorny, Pierre Cox, Eric |
author_facet | Verhelst, Delfien De Craeye, Stéphane Entrican, Gary Dorny, Pierre Cox, Eric |
author_sort | Verhelst, Delfien |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: In many countries, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a major cause of reproductive disorders and abortions in the sheep industry, and therefore responsible for important financial and economic losses. In addition, undercooked infected lamb is an important risk factor for human toxoplasmosis. In the present study, the initial phase of the infection was investigated: the parasite’s entry site, the subsequent distribution of the parasite and the host-immune response. RESULTS: Parasite DNA was already detected in the cranial small intestinal mucosa the first days after oral infection with T. gondii tissue cysts. Simultaneously, high IFN-gamma and IL-12 responses were induced mainly in the mesenteric lymph nodes. The emergence of IgG1 (at 8dpi), and IgG2 (at 11 dpi) was accompanied by a decrease or even disappearance of the IFN-gamma and IL-12 response in the Peyers’ patches (PP), PBMC’s and popliteal LN’s. Meanwhile the parasite DNA could be recovered from most mucosal and systemic tissues to become undetectable in the small intestine, popliteal LN, PBMC and spleen 3 weeks pi. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that parasites enter the cranial small intestine the first days after infection and that after an increase the first two weeks after infection, the parasite DNA levels in the intestine drop below the detection limit three weeks after infection. This coincides with an increase in parastic-specific serum IgG1 and IgG2 and a decrease of the antigen-specific IFN-gamma response in PP, PBMC and popliteal LN. We suggest a role for IFN-gamma and IL-12 in controlling the infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4279818 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42798182014-12-31 Parasite distribution and associated immune response during the acute phase of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep Verhelst, Delfien De Craeye, Stéphane Entrican, Gary Dorny, Pierre Cox, Eric BMC Vet Res Research Article BACKGROUND: In many countries, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a major cause of reproductive disorders and abortions in the sheep industry, and therefore responsible for important financial and economic losses. In addition, undercooked infected lamb is an important risk factor for human toxoplasmosis. In the present study, the initial phase of the infection was investigated: the parasite’s entry site, the subsequent distribution of the parasite and the host-immune response. RESULTS: Parasite DNA was already detected in the cranial small intestinal mucosa the first days after oral infection with T. gondii tissue cysts. Simultaneously, high IFN-gamma and IL-12 responses were induced mainly in the mesenteric lymph nodes. The emergence of IgG1 (at 8dpi), and IgG2 (at 11 dpi) was accompanied by a decrease or even disappearance of the IFN-gamma and IL-12 response in the Peyers’ patches (PP), PBMC’s and popliteal LN’s. Meanwhile the parasite DNA could be recovered from most mucosal and systemic tissues to become undetectable in the small intestine, popliteal LN, PBMC and spleen 3 weeks pi. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that parasites enter the cranial small intestine the first days after infection and that after an increase the first two weeks after infection, the parasite DNA levels in the intestine drop below the detection limit three weeks after infection. This coincides with an increase in parastic-specific serum IgG1 and IgG2 and a decrease of the antigen-specific IFN-gamma response in PP, PBMC and popliteal LN. We suggest a role for IFN-gamma and IL-12 in controlling the infection. BioMed Central 2014-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4279818/ /pubmed/25511864 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-014-0293-5 Text en © Verhelst et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2014 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Verhelst, Delfien De Craeye, Stéphane Entrican, Gary Dorny, Pierre Cox, Eric Parasite distribution and associated immune response during the acute phase of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep |
title | Parasite distribution and associated immune response during the acute phase of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep |
title_full | Parasite distribution and associated immune response during the acute phase of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep |
title_fullStr | Parasite distribution and associated immune response during the acute phase of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep |
title_full_unstemmed | Parasite distribution and associated immune response during the acute phase of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep |
title_short | Parasite distribution and associated immune response during the acute phase of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep |
title_sort | parasite distribution and associated immune response during the acute phase of toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4279818/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25511864 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-014-0293-5 |
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