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Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: An Overview of Their Biocidal Activity

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram positive, spore-forming bacterium that synthesizes parasporal crystalline inclusions containing Cry and Cyt proteins, some of which are toxic against a wide range of insect orders, nematodes and human-cancer cells. These toxins have been successfully used as bio...

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Autores principales: Palma, Leopoldo, Muñoz, Delia, Berry, Colin, Murillo, Jesús, Caballero, Primitivo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4280536/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25514092
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins6123296
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author Palma, Leopoldo
Muñoz, Delia
Berry, Colin
Murillo, Jesús
Caballero, Primitivo
author_facet Palma, Leopoldo
Muñoz, Delia
Berry, Colin
Murillo, Jesús
Caballero, Primitivo
author_sort Palma, Leopoldo
collection PubMed
description Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram positive, spore-forming bacterium that synthesizes parasporal crystalline inclusions containing Cry and Cyt proteins, some of which are toxic against a wide range of insect orders, nematodes and human-cancer cells. These toxins have been successfully used as bioinsecticides against caterpillars, beetles, and flies, including mosquitoes and blackflies. Bt also synthesizes insecticidal proteins during the vegetative growth phase, which are subsequently secreted into the growth medium. These proteins are commonly known as vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips) and hold insecticidal activity against lepidopteran, coleopteran and some homopteran pests. A less well characterized secretory protein with no amino acid similarity to Vip proteins has shown insecticidal activity against coleopteran pests and is termed Sip (secreted insecticidal protein). Bin-like and ETX_MTX2-family proteins (Pfam PF03318), which share amino acid similarities with mosquitocidal binary (Bin) and Mtx2 toxins, respectively, from Lysinibacillus sphaericus, are also produced by some Bt strains. In addition, vast numbers of Bt isolates naturally present in the soil and the phylloplane also synthesize crystal proteins whose biological activity is still unknown. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the known active Bt toxins to date and discuss their activities.
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spelling pubmed-42805362015-01-21 Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: An Overview of Their Biocidal Activity Palma, Leopoldo Muñoz, Delia Berry, Colin Murillo, Jesús Caballero, Primitivo Toxins (Basel) Review Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram positive, spore-forming bacterium that synthesizes parasporal crystalline inclusions containing Cry and Cyt proteins, some of which are toxic against a wide range of insect orders, nematodes and human-cancer cells. These toxins have been successfully used as bioinsecticides against caterpillars, beetles, and flies, including mosquitoes and blackflies. Bt also synthesizes insecticidal proteins during the vegetative growth phase, which are subsequently secreted into the growth medium. These proteins are commonly known as vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips) and hold insecticidal activity against lepidopteran, coleopteran and some homopteran pests. A less well characterized secretory protein with no amino acid similarity to Vip proteins has shown insecticidal activity against coleopteran pests and is termed Sip (secreted insecticidal protein). Bin-like and ETX_MTX2-family proteins (Pfam PF03318), which share amino acid similarities with mosquitocidal binary (Bin) and Mtx2 toxins, respectively, from Lysinibacillus sphaericus, are also produced by some Bt strains. In addition, vast numbers of Bt isolates naturally present in the soil and the phylloplane also synthesize crystal proteins whose biological activity is still unknown. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the known active Bt toxins to date and discuss their activities. MDPI 2014-12-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4280536/ /pubmed/25514092 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins6123296 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Palma, Leopoldo
Muñoz, Delia
Berry, Colin
Murillo, Jesús
Caballero, Primitivo
Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: An Overview of Their Biocidal Activity
title Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: An Overview of Their Biocidal Activity
title_full Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: An Overview of Their Biocidal Activity
title_fullStr Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: An Overview of Their Biocidal Activity
title_full_unstemmed Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: An Overview of Their Biocidal Activity
title_short Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: An Overview of Their Biocidal Activity
title_sort bacillus thuringiensis toxins: an overview of their biocidal activity
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4280536/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25514092
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins6123296
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