Cargando…
Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids – a review
Constant and extensive use of chemical insecticides has created a selection pressure and favored resistance development in many insect species worldwide. One of the most important pyrethroid resistance mechanisms is classified as target site insensitivity, due to conformational changes in the target...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2014
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4283120/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25292318 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-450 |
_version_ | 1782351220298481664 |
---|---|
author | Silva, Ana Paula B Santos, Joselita Maria M Martins, Ademir J |
author_facet | Silva, Ana Paula B Santos, Joselita Maria M Martins, Ademir J |
author_sort | Silva, Ana Paula B |
collection | PubMed |
description | Constant and extensive use of chemical insecticides has created a selection pressure and favored resistance development in many insect species worldwide. One of the most important pyrethroid resistance mechanisms is classified as target site insensitivity, due to conformational changes in the target site that impair a proper binding of the insecticide molecule. The voltage-gated sodium channel (Na(V)) is the target of pyrethroids and DDT insecticides, used to control insects of medical, agricultural and veterinary importance, such as anophelines. It has been reported that the presence of a few non-silent point mutations in the Na(V) gene are associated with pyrethroid resistance, termed as ‘kdr’ (knockdown resistance) for preventing the knockdown effect of these insecticides. The presence of these mutations, as well as their effects, has been thoroughly studied in Anopheles mosquitoes. So far, kdr mutations have already been detected in at least 13 species (Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles sacharovi, Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles sundaicus, Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles vagus, Anopheles paraliae, Anopheles peditaeniatus and Anopheles albimanus) from populations of African, Asian and, more recently, American continents. Seven mutational variants (L1014F, L1014S, L1014C, L1014W, N1013S, N1575Y and V1010L) were described, with the highest prevalence of L1014F, which occurs at the 1014 site in Na(V) IIS6 domain. The increase of frequency and distribution of kdr mutations clearly shows the importance of this mechanism in the process of pyrethroid resistance. In this sense, several species-specific and highly sensitive methods have been designed in order to genotype individual mosquitoes for kdr in large scale, which may serve as important tolls for monitoring the dynamics of pyrethroid resistance in natural populations. We also briefly discuss investigations concerning the course of Plasmodium infection in kdr individuals. Considering the limitation of insecticides available for employment in public health campaigns and the absence of a vaccine able to brake the life cycle of the malaria parasites, the use of pyrethroids is likely to remain as the main strategy against mosquitoes by either indoor residual spraying (IR) and insecticide treated nets (ITN). Therefore, monitoring insecticide resistance programs is a crucial need in malaria endemic countries. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-450) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4283120 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42831202015-01-06 Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids – a review Silva, Ana Paula B Santos, Joselita Maria M Martins, Ademir J Parasit Vectors Review Constant and extensive use of chemical insecticides has created a selection pressure and favored resistance development in many insect species worldwide. One of the most important pyrethroid resistance mechanisms is classified as target site insensitivity, due to conformational changes in the target site that impair a proper binding of the insecticide molecule. The voltage-gated sodium channel (Na(V)) is the target of pyrethroids and DDT insecticides, used to control insects of medical, agricultural and veterinary importance, such as anophelines. It has been reported that the presence of a few non-silent point mutations in the Na(V) gene are associated with pyrethroid resistance, termed as ‘kdr’ (knockdown resistance) for preventing the knockdown effect of these insecticides. The presence of these mutations, as well as their effects, has been thoroughly studied in Anopheles mosquitoes. So far, kdr mutations have already been detected in at least 13 species (Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles sacharovi, Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles sundaicus, Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles vagus, Anopheles paraliae, Anopheles peditaeniatus and Anopheles albimanus) from populations of African, Asian and, more recently, American continents. Seven mutational variants (L1014F, L1014S, L1014C, L1014W, N1013S, N1575Y and V1010L) were described, with the highest prevalence of L1014F, which occurs at the 1014 site in Na(V) IIS6 domain. The increase of frequency and distribution of kdr mutations clearly shows the importance of this mechanism in the process of pyrethroid resistance. In this sense, several species-specific and highly sensitive methods have been designed in order to genotype individual mosquitoes for kdr in large scale, which may serve as important tolls for monitoring the dynamics of pyrethroid resistance in natural populations. We also briefly discuss investigations concerning the course of Plasmodium infection in kdr individuals. Considering the limitation of insecticides available for employment in public health campaigns and the absence of a vaccine able to brake the life cycle of the malaria parasites, the use of pyrethroids is likely to remain as the main strategy against mosquitoes by either indoor residual spraying (IR) and insecticide treated nets (ITN). Therefore, monitoring insecticide resistance programs is a crucial need in malaria endemic countries. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-450) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2014-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4283120/ /pubmed/25292318 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-450 Text en © Silva et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Review Silva, Ana Paula B Santos, Joselita Maria M Martins, Ademir J Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids – a review |
title | Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids – a review |
title_full | Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids – a review |
title_fullStr | Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids – a review |
title_full_unstemmed | Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids – a review |
title_short | Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids – a review |
title_sort | mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids – a review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4283120/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25292318 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-450 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT silvaanapaulab mutationsinthevoltagegatedsodiumchannelgeneofanophelinesandtheirassociationwithresistancetopyrethroidsareview AT santosjoselitamariam mutationsinthevoltagegatedsodiumchannelgeneofanophelinesandtheirassociationwithresistancetopyrethroidsareview AT martinsademirj mutationsinthevoltagegatedsodiumchannelgeneofanophelinesandtheirassociationwithresistancetopyrethroidsareview |