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Immunocontraceptives: How far from reality?
Despite high expectations of safer, effective, economical, longer acting contraceptives, to date, there are no licensed contraceptive vaccines available in the market. Nevertheless, a role for vaccines undoubtedly exists as an aid to birth spacing and as a nonsurgical means of generating sterility....
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4283252/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25590025 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.146369 |
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author | Lekhwani, Seema Vaswani, ND Ghalaut, Veena Singh Shanker, Vijay Singh, Ragini |
author_facet | Lekhwani, Seema Vaswani, ND Ghalaut, Veena Singh Shanker, Vijay Singh, Ragini |
author_sort | Lekhwani, Seema |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite high expectations of safer, effective, economical, longer acting contraceptives, to date, there are no licensed contraceptive vaccines available in the market. Nevertheless, a role for vaccines undoubtedly exists as an aid to birth spacing and as a nonsurgical means of generating sterility. The research concerned in the area so far has been successful on the feline population, with room still for exhaustive studies on humans. The future of contraceptive vaccines holds great promise in terms of comfort, price, efficacy, rare complications, and possibly nonselective action on animal populations as well as on humans. This brief review deals with the basic aspects of immunocontraceptives along with the efforts done so far. There is a need for further research in aspects involving the rate of evolution of contraception resistance based on genetics, resistance phenotypes, or cross generation effects. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing-hormone have not been investigated in humans, as both reported impotency in animals; the follicle-stimulating hormone has been shown to cause oligospermia; zona pellucida has also not been studied in humans as it causes irreversible oophoritis, while the sperm has the potential for success in humans based on the data from immunoreproductive studies. Even as the position of the human chorionic gonadotropin vaccine looks hopeful, research on other possible targets continue with an eventual aim of discovering a vaccine that is more immunogenically effective. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4283252 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42832522015-01-14 Immunocontraceptives: How far from reality? Lekhwani, Seema Vaswani, ND Ghalaut, Veena Singh Shanker, Vijay Singh, Ragini Adv Biomed Res Review Article Despite high expectations of safer, effective, economical, longer acting contraceptives, to date, there are no licensed contraceptive vaccines available in the market. Nevertheless, a role for vaccines undoubtedly exists as an aid to birth spacing and as a nonsurgical means of generating sterility. The research concerned in the area so far has been successful on the feline population, with room still for exhaustive studies on humans. The future of contraceptive vaccines holds great promise in terms of comfort, price, efficacy, rare complications, and possibly nonselective action on animal populations as well as on humans. This brief review deals with the basic aspects of immunocontraceptives along with the efforts done so far. There is a need for further research in aspects involving the rate of evolution of contraception resistance based on genetics, resistance phenotypes, or cross generation effects. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing-hormone have not been investigated in humans, as both reported impotency in animals; the follicle-stimulating hormone has been shown to cause oligospermia; zona pellucida has also not been studied in humans as it causes irreversible oophoritis, while the sperm has the potential for success in humans based on the data from immunoreproductive studies. Even as the position of the human chorionic gonadotropin vaccine looks hopeful, research on other possible targets continue with an eventual aim of discovering a vaccine that is more immunogenically effective. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2014-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4283252/ /pubmed/25590025 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.146369 Text en Copyright: © 2014 Lekhwani. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Lekhwani, Seema Vaswani, ND Ghalaut, Veena Singh Shanker, Vijay Singh, Ragini Immunocontraceptives: How far from reality? |
title | Immunocontraceptives: How far from reality? |
title_full | Immunocontraceptives: How far from reality? |
title_fullStr | Immunocontraceptives: How far from reality? |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunocontraceptives: How far from reality? |
title_short | Immunocontraceptives: How far from reality? |
title_sort | immunocontraceptives: how far from reality? |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4283252/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25590025 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.146369 |
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