Cargando…
Novel connections and gaps in ethylene signaling from the ER membrane to the nucleus
The signaling of the plant hormone ethylene has been studied genetically, resulting in the identification of signaling components from membrane receptors to nuclear effectors. Among constituents of the hormone signaling pathway, functional links involving a putative mitogen-activated protein kinase...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2015
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4283510/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25601870 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00733 |
_version_ | 1782351273976135680 |
---|---|
author | Cho, Young-Hee Yoo, Sang-Dong |
author_facet | Cho, Young-Hee Yoo, Sang-Dong |
author_sort | Cho, Young-Hee |
collection | PubMed |
description | The signaling of the plant hormone ethylene has been studied genetically, resulting in the identification of signaling components from membrane receptors to nuclear effectors. Among constituents of the hormone signaling pathway, functional links involving a putative mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1) and a membrane transporter-like protein ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) have been missing for a long time. We now learn that EIN2 is cleaved and its C-terminal end moves to the nucleus upon ethylene perception at the membrane receptors, and then the C-terminal end of EIN2 in the nucleus supports EIN3-dependent ethylene-response gene expression. CTR1 kinase activity negatively controls the EIN2 cleavage process through direct phosphorylation. Despite the novel connection of CTR1 with EIN2 that explains a large portion of the missing links in ethylene signaling, our understanding still remains far from its completion. This focused review will summarize recent advances in the EIN3-dependent ethylene signaling mechanisms including CTR1–EIN2 functions with respect to EIN3 regulation and ethylene responses. This will also present several emerging issues that need to be addressed for the comprehensive understanding of signaling pathways of the invaluable plant hormone ethylene. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4283510 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42835102015-01-19 Novel connections and gaps in ethylene signaling from the ER membrane to the nucleus Cho, Young-Hee Yoo, Sang-Dong Front Plant Sci Plant Science The signaling of the plant hormone ethylene has been studied genetically, resulting in the identification of signaling components from membrane receptors to nuclear effectors. Among constituents of the hormone signaling pathway, functional links involving a putative mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1) and a membrane transporter-like protein ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) have been missing for a long time. We now learn that EIN2 is cleaved and its C-terminal end moves to the nucleus upon ethylene perception at the membrane receptors, and then the C-terminal end of EIN2 in the nucleus supports EIN3-dependent ethylene-response gene expression. CTR1 kinase activity negatively controls the EIN2 cleavage process through direct phosphorylation. Despite the novel connection of CTR1 with EIN2 that explains a large portion of the missing links in ethylene signaling, our understanding still remains far from its completion. This focused review will summarize recent advances in the EIN3-dependent ethylene signaling mechanisms including CTR1–EIN2 functions with respect to EIN3 regulation and ethylene responses. This will also present several emerging issues that need to be addressed for the comprehensive understanding of signaling pathways of the invaluable plant hormone ethylene. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4283510/ /pubmed/25601870 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00733 Text en Copyright © 2015 Cho and Yoo. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Cho, Young-Hee Yoo, Sang-Dong Novel connections and gaps in ethylene signaling from the ER membrane to the nucleus |
title | Novel connections and gaps in ethylene signaling from the ER membrane to the nucleus |
title_full | Novel connections and gaps in ethylene signaling from the ER membrane to the nucleus |
title_fullStr | Novel connections and gaps in ethylene signaling from the ER membrane to the nucleus |
title_full_unstemmed | Novel connections and gaps in ethylene signaling from the ER membrane to the nucleus |
title_short | Novel connections and gaps in ethylene signaling from the ER membrane to the nucleus |
title_sort | novel connections and gaps in ethylene signaling from the er membrane to the nucleus |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4283510/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25601870 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00733 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT choyounghee novelconnectionsandgapsinethylenesignalingfromtheermembranetothenucleus AT yoosangdong novelconnectionsandgapsinethylenesignalingfromtheermembranetothenucleus |