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Cytokinin levels and signaling respond to wounding and the perception of herbivore elicitors in Nicotiana attenuata
Nearly half a century ago insect herbivores were found to induce the formation of green islands by manipulating cytokinin (CK) levels. However, the response of the CK pathway to attack by chewing insect herbivores remains unclear. Here, we characterize the CK pathway of Nicotiana attenuata (Torr. ex...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4286249/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24924599 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12227 |
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author | Schäfer, Martin Meza-Canales, Ivan D Navarro-Quezada, Aura Brütting, Christoph Vanková, Radomira Baldwin, Ian T Meldau, Stefan |
author_facet | Schäfer, Martin Meza-Canales, Ivan D Navarro-Quezada, Aura Brütting, Christoph Vanková, Radomira Baldwin, Ian T Meldau, Stefan |
author_sort | Schäfer, Martin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nearly half a century ago insect herbivores were found to induce the formation of green islands by manipulating cytokinin (CK) levels. However, the response of the CK pathway to attack by chewing insect herbivores remains unclear. Here, we characterize the CK pathway of Nicotiana attenuata (Torr. ex S. Wats.) and its response to wounding and perception of herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs). We identified 44 genes involved in CK biosynthesis, inactivation, degradation, and signaling. Leaf wounding rapidly induced transcriptional changes in multiple genes throughout the pathway, as well as in the levels of CKs, including isopentenyladenosine and cis-zeatin riboside; perception of HAMPs present in the oral secretions (OS) of the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta amplified these responses. The jasmonate pathway, which triggers many herbivore-induced processes, was not required for these HAMP-triggered changes, but rather suppressed the CK responses. Interestingly CK pathway changes were observed also in systemic leaves in response to wounding and OS application indicating a role of CKs in mediating long distance systemic processes in response to herbivory. Since wounding and grasshopper OS elicited similar accumulations of CKs in Arabidopsis thaliana L., we propose that CKs are integral components of wounding and HAMP-triggered responses in many plant species. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4286249 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42862492015-02-25 Cytokinin levels and signaling respond to wounding and the perception of herbivore elicitors in Nicotiana attenuata Schäfer, Martin Meza-Canales, Ivan D Navarro-Quezada, Aura Brütting, Christoph Vanková, Radomira Baldwin, Ian T Meldau, Stefan J Integr Plant Biol Research Articles Nearly half a century ago insect herbivores were found to induce the formation of green islands by manipulating cytokinin (CK) levels. However, the response of the CK pathway to attack by chewing insect herbivores remains unclear. Here, we characterize the CK pathway of Nicotiana attenuata (Torr. ex S. Wats.) and its response to wounding and perception of herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs). We identified 44 genes involved in CK biosynthesis, inactivation, degradation, and signaling. Leaf wounding rapidly induced transcriptional changes in multiple genes throughout the pathway, as well as in the levels of CKs, including isopentenyladenosine and cis-zeatin riboside; perception of HAMPs present in the oral secretions (OS) of the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta amplified these responses. The jasmonate pathway, which triggers many herbivore-induced processes, was not required for these HAMP-triggered changes, but rather suppressed the CK responses. Interestingly CK pathway changes were observed also in systemic leaves in response to wounding and OS application indicating a role of CKs in mediating long distance systemic processes in response to herbivory. Since wounding and grasshopper OS elicited similar accumulations of CKs in Arabidopsis thaliana L., we propose that CKs are integral components of wounding and HAMP-triggered responses in many plant species. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2015-02 2014-06-13 /pmc/articles/PMC4286249/ /pubmed/24924599 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12227 Text en © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology published by Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd on behalf of Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Schäfer, Martin Meza-Canales, Ivan D Navarro-Quezada, Aura Brütting, Christoph Vanková, Radomira Baldwin, Ian T Meldau, Stefan Cytokinin levels and signaling respond to wounding and the perception of herbivore elicitors in Nicotiana attenuata |
title | Cytokinin levels and signaling respond to wounding and the perception of herbivore elicitors in Nicotiana attenuata |
title_full | Cytokinin levels and signaling respond to wounding and the perception of herbivore elicitors in Nicotiana attenuata |
title_fullStr | Cytokinin levels and signaling respond to wounding and the perception of herbivore elicitors in Nicotiana attenuata |
title_full_unstemmed | Cytokinin levels and signaling respond to wounding and the perception of herbivore elicitors in Nicotiana attenuata |
title_short | Cytokinin levels and signaling respond to wounding and the perception of herbivore elicitors in Nicotiana attenuata |
title_sort | cytokinin levels and signaling respond to wounding and the perception of herbivore elicitors in nicotiana attenuata |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4286249/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24924599 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12227 |
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