Segmental Analysis of Right Ventricular Longitudinal Deformation in Children before and after Percutaneous Closure of Atrial Septal Defect

BACKGROUND: The aim of study is to identify the dependence of right ventricular (RV) free wall longitudinal deformation on ventricular loading through segmental approach in relatively large number of patients with atrial septal defect (ASD). METHODS: Patients with ASD (n = 114) and age matched healthy children (n = 60) were echocardiographically examined the day before percutaneous device closure and within 24 hours afterwards. RV free wall deformation parameters, strain (є) and strain rate (SR), were analyzed in the apical (є(A), SR(A)) and basal (є(B), SR(B)) segments. Measured deformation parameters were adjusted for RV size (є(AL), SR(AL), є(BL), SR(BL)) by multiplying by body surface area indexed RV longitudinal dimension. Regression analyses determined the relationships of these deformation parameters with RV loading parameters that were measured by catheterization. RESULTS: є(BL) and SR(BL) were not different between pre-closure patients and controls (p = 0.245, p = 0.866), and were decreased post-closure (p = 0.001, p = 0.018). Post-closure є(BL) was lower than in controls (p = 0.001). Pre-closure є(AL) and SR(AL) were higher than in controls (p = 0.001, p < 0.001), but decreased after closure (all p < 0.001). The pulmonary to systemic flow ratio was related to procedural differences of є(BL) (p = 0.017) and of SR(BL) (p = 0.019). RV end diastolic pressure was negatively related to post-closure є(BL) (p = 0.020) and post-closure SR(BL) (p = 0.012), and the procedural SR(BL) difference (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION: The longitudinal deformation of the RV basal segment is dependent and its remodeling is also dependent on volume loading in children with ASD.