Ciglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Ligand, Inhibits Proliferation and Differentiation of Th17 Cells

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was identified as a cell-intrinsic regulator of Th17 cell differentiation. Th17 cells have been associated with several autoimmune diseases, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and collagen-induced arthritis. In this study, we confirmed PPARγ-mediated inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation and cytokine production at an early stage. Treatment with ciglitazone, a PPARγ ligand, reduced both IL-1β-mediated enhancement of Th17 differentiation and activation of Th17 cells after polarization. For Th17 cell differentiation, we found that ciglitazone-treated cells had a relatively low proliferative activity and produced a lower amount of cytokines, regardless of the presence of IL-1β. The inhibitory activity of ciglitazone might be due to decrease of CCNB1 expression, which regulates the cell cycle in T cells. Hence, we postulate that a pharmaceutical PPARγ activator might be a potent candidate for treatment of Th17-mediated autoimmune disease patients.