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Role of respondents’ education as a mediator and moderator in the association between childhood socio-economic status and later health and wellbeing
BACKGROUND: Most research assessing the effect of childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) on health in adulthood has focused on cause-specific mortality. Low CSES is associated with mortality from coronary heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases in adulthood. But little evidence is availa...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289264/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25404212 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1172 |
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author | Sheikh, Mashhood Ahmed Abelsen, Birgit Olsen, Jan Abel |
author_facet | Sheikh, Mashhood Ahmed Abelsen, Birgit Olsen, Jan Abel |
author_sort | Sheikh, Mashhood Ahmed |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Most research assessing the effect of childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) on health in adulthood has focused on cause-specific mortality. Low CSES is associated with mortality from coronary heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases in adulthood. But little evidence is available on the unique effect of different indicators of CSES on subjective measures of health and wellbeing in adulthood. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the last wave of The Tromsø Study (n = 12,984) was used to assess the unique effect of three indicators of CSES (childhood financial conditions, mothers’ education and fathers’ education) on a range of subjective health measures: EQ-5D health dimensions, self-rated health, age-comparative self-rated health, as well as subjective wellbeing. Data was analyzed with the Paramed command in Stata. Log-linear regression was used for the subjective measures of health and wellbeing to estimate the natural direct effects (NDE’s), natural indirect effects (NIE’s), controlled direct effects (CDE’s) and marginal total effects (MTE’s) as risk ratios (RRs). RESULTS: Low childhood financial conditions were associated with lower health and wellbeing in adulthood, independently of respondents’ education. Among men, Low childhood financial conditions increased the risk (NDE) of being unhealthy on the composite EQ-5D by 22% (RR 1.22, 95% 1.14-1.31) and on subjective wellbeing by 24% (RR 1.24, 95% 1.18-1.30), while for women the risk increased by 16% (RR 1.16, 95% 1.10-1.23) and 26% (RR 1.26, 95% 1.19-1.33), respectively. Among men, the NDE of low mothers’ education on age-comparative self-rated health increased by 9% (RR 1.09, 95% 1.01-1.16), while the NIE increased the risk by 3% (RR 1.03, 95% 1.01-1.04). The NDE of low mothers’ education increased the risk on anxiety/depression among women by 38% (RR 1.38, 95% 1.13-1.69), whereas the NIE increased the risk by 5% (RR 1.05, 95% 1.02-1.08). CONCLUSIONS: Childhood financial conditions have a unique direct effect on a wide range of health and wellbeing measures. These findings apply to both men and women. Generally, parental education has an indirect effect on later health, but mothers’ education may also have a long-term direct effect on later health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4289264 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42892642015-01-11 Role of respondents’ education as a mediator and moderator in the association between childhood socio-economic status and later health and wellbeing Sheikh, Mashhood Ahmed Abelsen, Birgit Olsen, Jan Abel BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Most research assessing the effect of childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) on health in adulthood has focused on cause-specific mortality. Low CSES is associated with mortality from coronary heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases in adulthood. But little evidence is available on the unique effect of different indicators of CSES on subjective measures of health and wellbeing in adulthood. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the last wave of The Tromsø Study (n = 12,984) was used to assess the unique effect of three indicators of CSES (childhood financial conditions, mothers’ education and fathers’ education) on a range of subjective health measures: EQ-5D health dimensions, self-rated health, age-comparative self-rated health, as well as subjective wellbeing. Data was analyzed with the Paramed command in Stata. Log-linear regression was used for the subjective measures of health and wellbeing to estimate the natural direct effects (NDE’s), natural indirect effects (NIE’s), controlled direct effects (CDE’s) and marginal total effects (MTE’s) as risk ratios (RRs). RESULTS: Low childhood financial conditions were associated with lower health and wellbeing in adulthood, independently of respondents’ education. Among men, Low childhood financial conditions increased the risk (NDE) of being unhealthy on the composite EQ-5D by 22% (RR 1.22, 95% 1.14-1.31) and on subjective wellbeing by 24% (RR 1.24, 95% 1.18-1.30), while for women the risk increased by 16% (RR 1.16, 95% 1.10-1.23) and 26% (RR 1.26, 95% 1.19-1.33), respectively. Among men, the NDE of low mothers’ education on age-comparative self-rated health increased by 9% (RR 1.09, 95% 1.01-1.16), while the NIE increased the risk by 3% (RR 1.03, 95% 1.01-1.04). The NDE of low mothers’ education increased the risk on anxiety/depression among women by 38% (RR 1.38, 95% 1.13-1.69), whereas the NIE increased the risk by 5% (RR 1.05, 95% 1.02-1.08). CONCLUSIONS: Childhood financial conditions have a unique direct effect on a wide range of health and wellbeing measures. These findings apply to both men and women. Generally, parental education has an indirect effect on later health, but mothers’ education may also have a long-term direct effect on later health. BioMed Central 2014-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4289264/ /pubmed/25404212 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1172 Text en © Sheikh et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Sheikh, Mashhood Ahmed Abelsen, Birgit Olsen, Jan Abel Role of respondents’ education as a mediator and moderator in the association between childhood socio-economic status and later health and wellbeing |
title | Role of respondents’ education as a mediator and moderator in the association between childhood socio-economic status and later health and wellbeing |
title_full | Role of respondents’ education as a mediator and moderator in the association between childhood socio-economic status and later health and wellbeing |
title_fullStr | Role of respondents’ education as a mediator and moderator in the association between childhood socio-economic status and later health and wellbeing |
title_full_unstemmed | Role of respondents’ education as a mediator and moderator in the association between childhood socio-economic status and later health and wellbeing |
title_short | Role of respondents’ education as a mediator and moderator in the association between childhood socio-economic status and later health and wellbeing |
title_sort | role of respondents’ education as a mediator and moderator in the association between childhood socio-economic status and later health and wellbeing |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289264/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25404212 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1172 |
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