Optimal doses of sevoflurane and propofol in rabbits

BACKGROUND: Although sevoflurane and propofol are commonly used anesthetics in rabbits, optimal doses of remain unclear. We thus assessed the optimal hypnotic doses of sevoflurane and propofol, and evaluated the influence of dexmedetomidine on sevoflurane and propofol requirements. METHODS: Twenty-eight Japanese white rabbits were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 7 each). Rabbits were given either sevoflurane, propofol, sevoflurane + dexmedetomidine, or propofol + dexmedetomidine (injected 30 μg∙kg(-1)∙hr(-1) for 10 min followed by an infusion of 3.5 μg∙kg(-1)∙hr(-1)). Hypnotic level was evaluated with Bispectral Index (BIS), a well-validated electroenchalographic measure, with values between 40 and 60 representing optimal hypnosis. BIS measurements were made 10 minutes after the adjustment of target end-tidal sevoflurane concentration in the sevoflurane group and sevoflurane + dexmedetomidine group, and at 10 min after the change of infusion rate in the propofol group and propofol + dexmedetomidine group. RESULTS: BIS values were linearly related to sevoflurane concentration and propofol infusion rate, with or without dexmedetomidine. Sevoflurane concentration at BIS = 50 was 3.9 ± 0.2% in the sevoflurane group and 2.6 ± 0.3% in the sevoflurane + dexmedetomidine group. The propofol infusion rate to make BIS = 50 was 102 ± 5 mg∙kg(-1)∙hr(-1) in the propofol group, and 90 ± 10 mg∙kg(-1)∙hr(-1) in the propofol + dexmedetomidine group. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane alone was thus 3.9%, and optimal infusion rate for propofol alone was 102 mg∙kg(-1)∙hr(-1). Dexmedetomidine reduced sevoflurane requirement by 33% and propofol requirement by 11%.