Successful Endovascular Treatment of Iatrogenic Thyrocervical Trunk Pseudoaneurysm with Concomitant Arteriovenous Fistula Using 0.010-Inch Detachable Microcoils

Pseudoaneurysms (PsA) and arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) of the thyrocervical trunk and its branches are rare complications of traumatic or iatrogenic arterial injuries. Most such injuries are iatrogenic and are associated with central venous catheterization. Historically, thyrocervical trunk PsA and AVF have been managed with open surgical repair; however, multiple treatment modalities are now available, including ultrasound-guided compression repair, ultrasound-guided thrombin injection, and endovascular repair with covered stent placement. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman with an iatrogenic thyrocervical trunk PsA with concomitant AVF that developed after attempted internal jugular vein cannulation for hemodialysis access. The PsA was successfully treated by transcatheter coil embolization using 0.010-inch detachable microcoils. Our case is the first published instance of a thyrocervical trunk PsA with concomitant AVF that was successfully treated by endovascular procedure.