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Cellular commitment in the developing cerebellum

The mammalian cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa and is critical for motor coordination and non-motor functions including cognitive and emotional processes. The anatomical structure of cerebellum is distinct with a three-layered cortex. During development, neurogenesis and fate dec...

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Autores principales: Marzban, Hassan, Del Bigio, Marc R., Alizadeh, Javad, Ghavami, Saeid, Zachariah, Robby M., Rastegar, Mojgan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4290586/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25628535
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2014.00450
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author Marzban, Hassan
Del Bigio, Marc R.
Alizadeh, Javad
Ghavami, Saeid
Zachariah, Robby M.
Rastegar, Mojgan
author_facet Marzban, Hassan
Del Bigio, Marc R.
Alizadeh, Javad
Ghavami, Saeid
Zachariah, Robby M.
Rastegar, Mojgan
author_sort Marzban, Hassan
collection PubMed
description The mammalian cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa and is critical for motor coordination and non-motor functions including cognitive and emotional processes. The anatomical structure of cerebellum is distinct with a three-layered cortex. During development, neurogenesis and fate decisions of cerebellar primordium cells are orchestrated through tightly controlled molecular events involving multiple genetic pathways. In this review, we will highlight the anatomical structure of human and mouse cerebellum, the cellular composition of developing cerebellum, and the underlying gene expression programs involved in cell fate commitments in the cerebellum. A critical evaluation of the cell death literature suggests that apoptosis occurs in ~5% of cerebellar cells, most shortly after mitosis. Apoptosis and cellular autophagy likely play significant roles in cerebellar development, we provide a comprehensive discussion of their role in cerebellar development and organization. We also address the possible function of unfolded protein response in regulation of cerebellar neurogenesis. We discuss recent advancements in understanding the epigenetic signature of cerebellar compartments and possible connections between DNA methylation, microRNAs and cerebellar neurodegeneration. Finally, we discuss genetic diseases associated with cerebellar dysfunction and their role in the aging cerebellum.
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spelling pubmed-42905862015-01-27 Cellular commitment in the developing cerebellum Marzban, Hassan Del Bigio, Marc R. Alizadeh, Javad Ghavami, Saeid Zachariah, Robby M. Rastegar, Mojgan Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience The mammalian cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa and is critical for motor coordination and non-motor functions including cognitive and emotional processes. The anatomical structure of cerebellum is distinct with a three-layered cortex. During development, neurogenesis and fate decisions of cerebellar primordium cells are orchestrated through tightly controlled molecular events involving multiple genetic pathways. In this review, we will highlight the anatomical structure of human and mouse cerebellum, the cellular composition of developing cerebellum, and the underlying gene expression programs involved in cell fate commitments in the cerebellum. A critical evaluation of the cell death literature suggests that apoptosis occurs in ~5% of cerebellar cells, most shortly after mitosis. Apoptosis and cellular autophagy likely play significant roles in cerebellar development, we provide a comprehensive discussion of their role in cerebellar development and organization. We also address the possible function of unfolded protein response in regulation of cerebellar neurogenesis. We discuss recent advancements in understanding the epigenetic signature of cerebellar compartments and possible connections between DNA methylation, microRNAs and cerebellar neurodegeneration. Finally, we discuss genetic diseases associated with cerebellar dysfunction and their role in the aging cerebellum. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4290586/ /pubmed/25628535 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2014.00450 Text en Copyright © 2015 Marzban, Del Bigio, Alizadeh, Ghavami, Zachariah and Rastegar. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Marzban, Hassan
Del Bigio, Marc R.
Alizadeh, Javad
Ghavami, Saeid
Zachariah, Robby M.
Rastegar, Mojgan
Cellular commitment in the developing cerebellum
title Cellular commitment in the developing cerebellum
title_full Cellular commitment in the developing cerebellum
title_fullStr Cellular commitment in the developing cerebellum
title_full_unstemmed Cellular commitment in the developing cerebellum
title_short Cellular commitment in the developing cerebellum
title_sort cellular commitment in the developing cerebellum
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4290586/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25628535
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2014.00450
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