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Aggregation of Calcium Phosphate and Oxalate Phases in the Formation of Renal Stones

[Image: see text] The majority of human kidney stones are comprised of multiple calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals encasing a calcium phosphate nucleus. The physiochemical mechanism of nephrolithiasis has not been well determined on the molecular level; this is crucial to the control and pre...

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Autores principales: Xie, Baoquan, Halter, Timothy J., Borah, Ballav M., Nancollas, George H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Chemical Society 2014
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4291782/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25598742
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg501209h
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author Xie, Baoquan
Halter, Timothy J.
Borah, Ballav M.
Nancollas, George H.
author_facet Xie, Baoquan
Halter, Timothy J.
Borah, Ballav M.
Nancollas, George H.
author_sort Xie, Baoquan
collection PubMed
description [Image: see text] The majority of human kidney stones are comprised of multiple calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals encasing a calcium phosphate nucleus. The physiochemical mechanism of nephrolithiasis has not been well determined on the molecular level; this is crucial to the control and prevention of renal stone formation. This work investigates the role of phosphate ions on the formation of calcium oxalate stones; recent work has identified amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) as a rapidly forming initial precursor to the formation of calcium phosphate minerals in vivo. The effect of phosphate on the nucleation of COM has been investigated using the constant composition (CC) method in combination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our findings indicate COM nucleation is strongly promoted by the presence of phosphate; this occurs at relatively low phosphate concentrations, undersaturated with respect to brushite (dicalcium phosphate dehydrate, DCPD) formation. The results show that ACP plays a crucial role in the nucleation of calcium oxalate stones by promoting the aggregation of amorphous calcium oxalate (ACO) precursors at early induction times. The coaggregations of ACP and ACO precursors induce the multiple-point nucleation of COM. These novel findings expand our knowledge of urinary stone development, providing potential targets for treating the condition at the molecular level.
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spelling pubmed-42917822015-11-12 Aggregation of Calcium Phosphate and Oxalate Phases in the Formation of Renal Stones Xie, Baoquan Halter, Timothy J. Borah, Ballav M. Nancollas, George H. Cryst Growth Des [Image: see text] The majority of human kidney stones are comprised of multiple calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals encasing a calcium phosphate nucleus. The physiochemical mechanism of nephrolithiasis has not been well determined on the molecular level; this is crucial to the control and prevention of renal stone formation. This work investigates the role of phosphate ions on the formation of calcium oxalate stones; recent work has identified amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) as a rapidly forming initial precursor to the formation of calcium phosphate minerals in vivo. The effect of phosphate on the nucleation of COM has been investigated using the constant composition (CC) method in combination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our findings indicate COM nucleation is strongly promoted by the presence of phosphate; this occurs at relatively low phosphate concentrations, undersaturated with respect to brushite (dicalcium phosphate dehydrate, DCPD) formation. The results show that ACP plays a crucial role in the nucleation of calcium oxalate stones by promoting the aggregation of amorphous calcium oxalate (ACO) precursors at early induction times. The coaggregations of ACP and ACO precursors induce the multiple-point nucleation of COM. These novel findings expand our knowledge of urinary stone development, providing potential targets for treating the condition at the molecular level. American Chemical Society 2014-11-12 2015-01-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4291782/ /pubmed/25598742 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg501209h Text en Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.html) , which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Xie, Baoquan
Halter, Timothy J.
Borah, Ballav M.
Nancollas, George H.
Aggregation of Calcium Phosphate and Oxalate Phases in the Formation of Renal Stones
title Aggregation of Calcium Phosphate and Oxalate Phases in the Formation of Renal Stones
title_full Aggregation of Calcium Phosphate and Oxalate Phases in the Formation of Renal Stones
title_fullStr Aggregation of Calcium Phosphate and Oxalate Phases in the Formation of Renal Stones
title_full_unstemmed Aggregation of Calcium Phosphate and Oxalate Phases in the Formation of Renal Stones
title_short Aggregation of Calcium Phosphate and Oxalate Phases in the Formation of Renal Stones
title_sort aggregation of calcium phosphate and oxalate phases in the formation of renal stones
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4291782/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25598742
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg501209h
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