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Sequence Analysis of the Capsid Gene during a Genotype II.4 Dominated Norovirus Season in One University Hospital: Identification of Possible Transmission Routes

Norovirus (NoV) is a leading cause of gastroenteritis and genotype II.4 (GII.4) is responsible for the majority of nosocomial NoV infections. Our objective was to examine whether sequencing of the capsid gene might be a useful tool for the hospital outbreak investigation to define possible transmiss...

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Autores principales: Holzknecht, Barbara Juliane, Franck, Kristina Træholt, Nielsen, Rikke Thoft, Böttiger, Blenda, Fischer, Thea Kølsen, Fonager, Jannik
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4295850/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25590635
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115331
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author Holzknecht, Barbara Juliane
Franck, Kristina Træholt
Nielsen, Rikke Thoft
Böttiger, Blenda
Fischer, Thea Kølsen
Fonager, Jannik
author_facet Holzknecht, Barbara Juliane
Franck, Kristina Træholt
Nielsen, Rikke Thoft
Böttiger, Blenda
Fischer, Thea Kølsen
Fonager, Jannik
author_sort Holzknecht, Barbara Juliane
collection PubMed
description Norovirus (NoV) is a leading cause of gastroenteritis and genotype II.4 (GII.4) is responsible for the majority of nosocomial NoV infections. Our objective was to examine whether sequencing of the capsid gene might be a useful tool for the hospital outbreak investigation to define possible transmission routes. All NoV positive samples submitted from one university hospital during the 2007/8 season were selected. Genotyping of selected samples by partial polymerase gene sequencing had shown that the majority belonged to the GII.4 variant Den Haag 2006b and had identical polymerase sequences. Sequences of the capsid gene (1412 nucleotides) were obtained from the first available sample from 55 patients. From six immunocompromised patients with persistent infections a second sample was also included. As a control for a point-source outbreak, five samples from a foodborne outbreak caused by the same GII.4 variant were analyzed. Forty-seven of the inpatients (85%) were infected with the GII.4 variant Den Haag 2006b. Phylogenetic analysis of the Den Haag 2006b sequences identified four distinct outbreaks in different departments and a fifth outbreak with possible inter-department spread. In addition, a more heterogeneous cluster with evidence of repeated introductions from the community, but also possible inter-department spread was observed. In all six patients with paired sequences, evidence for in vivo evolution of the virus was found. Capsid gene sequencing showed substantial sequence variation among NoV GII.4 variant Den Haag 2006b strains from one single institution during a nine months’ period. This method proved useful to understand the local epidemiology and, when used promptly, has the potential to make infection control measures more targeted.
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spelling pubmed-42958502015-01-22 Sequence Analysis of the Capsid Gene during a Genotype II.4 Dominated Norovirus Season in One University Hospital: Identification of Possible Transmission Routes Holzknecht, Barbara Juliane Franck, Kristina Træholt Nielsen, Rikke Thoft Böttiger, Blenda Fischer, Thea Kølsen Fonager, Jannik PLoS One Research Article Norovirus (NoV) is a leading cause of gastroenteritis and genotype II.4 (GII.4) is responsible for the majority of nosocomial NoV infections. Our objective was to examine whether sequencing of the capsid gene might be a useful tool for the hospital outbreak investigation to define possible transmission routes. All NoV positive samples submitted from one university hospital during the 2007/8 season were selected. Genotyping of selected samples by partial polymerase gene sequencing had shown that the majority belonged to the GII.4 variant Den Haag 2006b and had identical polymerase sequences. Sequences of the capsid gene (1412 nucleotides) were obtained from the first available sample from 55 patients. From six immunocompromised patients with persistent infections a second sample was also included. As a control for a point-source outbreak, five samples from a foodborne outbreak caused by the same GII.4 variant were analyzed. Forty-seven of the inpatients (85%) were infected with the GII.4 variant Den Haag 2006b. Phylogenetic analysis of the Den Haag 2006b sequences identified four distinct outbreaks in different departments and a fifth outbreak with possible inter-department spread. In addition, a more heterogeneous cluster with evidence of repeated introductions from the community, but also possible inter-department spread was observed. In all six patients with paired sequences, evidence for in vivo evolution of the virus was found. Capsid gene sequencing showed substantial sequence variation among NoV GII.4 variant Den Haag 2006b strains from one single institution during a nine months’ period. This method proved useful to understand the local epidemiology and, when used promptly, has the potential to make infection control measures more targeted. Public Library of Science 2015-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4295850/ /pubmed/25590635 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115331 Text en © 2015 Holzknecht et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Holzknecht, Barbara Juliane
Franck, Kristina Træholt
Nielsen, Rikke Thoft
Böttiger, Blenda
Fischer, Thea Kølsen
Fonager, Jannik
Sequence Analysis of the Capsid Gene during a Genotype II.4 Dominated Norovirus Season in One University Hospital: Identification of Possible Transmission Routes
title Sequence Analysis of the Capsid Gene during a Genotype II.4 Dominated Norovirus Season in One University Hospital: Identification of Possible Transmission Routes
title_full Sequence Analysis of the Capsid Gene during a Genotype II.4 Dominated Norovirus Season in One University Hospital: Identification of Possible Transmission Routes
title_fullStr Sequence Analysis of the Capsid Gene during a Genotype II.4 Dominated Norovirus Season in One University Hospital: Identification of Possible Transmission Routes
title_full_unstemmed Sequence Analysis of the Capsid Gene during a Genotype II.4 Dominated Norovirus Season in One University Hospital: Identification of Possible Transmission Routes
title_short Sequence Analysis of the Capsid Gene during a Genotype II.4 Dominated Norovirus Season in One University Hospital: Identification of Possible Transmission Routes
title_sort sequence analysis of the capsid gene during a genotype ii.4 dominated norovirus season in one university hospital: identification of possible transmission routes
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4295850/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25590635
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115331
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