Calyceal Diverticulum of the Kidney – Diagnostic Imaging Dilemma in Pediatric Patients – Case Report

BACKGROUND: Calyceal diverticula are rarely diagnosed in children. They can mimic other renal cystic lesions and correct diagnosis can be difficult to establish. Connection between fluid collection and collecting system confirmed by imaging studies is the key diagnostic finding. CASE REPORT: In this report we present a case of pediatric patient with calyceal diverticulum, with initial ultrasonographic diagnosis of simple renal cyst. Final diagnosis was established after extended diagnostics following infection of a fluid collection. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Differential diagnosis of well-circumscribed solitary renal fluid collections in children should include particularly: simple cyst, calyceal diverticulum and the first demonstration of ADPKD. 2. Diagnosis of calyceal diverticulum should be confirmed by contrast studies. 3. Standard management of calyceal diverticula in children includes ultrasonographic follow-up and conservative treatment and rarely requires surgical intervention.