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Habitat selection and consumption across a landscape of multiple predators

Predator community composition can alter habitat quality for prey by changing the strength and direction of consumptive effects. Whether predator community composition also alters prey density via nonconsumptive effects during habitat selection is not well known, but is important for understanding h...

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Autores principales: Wesner, Jeff S, Meyers, Peter, Billman, Eric J, Belk, Mark C
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BlackWell Publishing Ltd 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4298439/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25628869
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1256
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author Wesner, Jeff S
Meyers, Peter
Billman, Eric J
Belk, Mark C
author_facet Wesner, Jeff S
Meyers, Peter
Billman, Eric J
Belk, Mark C
author_sort Wesner, Jeff S
collection PubMed
description Predator community composition can alter habitat quality for prey by changing the strength and direction of consumptive effects. Whether predator community composition also alters prey density via nonconsumptive effects during habitat selection is not well known, but is important for understanding how changes to predator communities will alter prey populations. We tested the hypothesis that predator community composition (presence of caged trout, caged dragonflies, or caged trout + dragonflies) alters colonization of aquatic mesocosms by ovipositing aquatic insects. In a previous experiment in this system, we found a spatial contagion effect, in which insects avoided pools with predators, but only when predator-free pools were isolated (∼5 m away from predator pools). Here, we removed the isolated predator-free pools, allowing us to test whether insects would make fine-scale (∼1 m) oviposition decisions in the absence of preferred isolated pools. We also estimated consumptive effects by allowing predators to feed on colonists for 5 days following colonization. All insects collected after 21 days were dipterans, dominated by Chironomidae. Total colonization, measured as the number of developing larvae after 21 days, was not affected by either predator presence or composition. Consumption was significant in the trout only treatment, reducing larval insect density by 46 ± 37% (mean ± SE). No other predator treatment significantly reduced prey density, although the proportion of chironomid larvae in protective cases increased in response to direct predation from dragonflies, indicating an antipredatory behavioral response. Taken together, these results reveal that predator community composition altered larval survival and behavior, but colonizing females either did not or could not assess these risks across small scales during oviposition.
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spelling pubmed-42984392015-01-27 Habitat selection and consumption across a landscape of multiple predators Wesner, Jeff S Meyers, Peter Billman, Eric J Belk, Mark C Ecol Evol Original Research Predator community composition can alter habitat quality for prey by changing the strength and direction of consumptive effects. Whether predator community composition also alters prey density via nonconsumptive effects during habitat selection is not well known, but is important for understanding how changes to predator communities will alter prey populations. We tested the hypothesis that predator community composition (presence of caged trout, caged dragonflies, or caged trout + dragonflies) alters colonization of aquatic mesocosms by ovipositing aquatic insects. In a previous experiment in this system, we found a spatial contagion effect, in which insects avoided pools with predators, but only when predator-free pools were isolated (∼5 m away from predator pools). Here, we removed the isolated predator-free pools, allowing us to test whether insects would make fine-scale (∼1 m) oviposition decisions in the absence of preferred isolated pools. We also estimated consumptive effects by allowing predators to feed on colonists for 5 days following colonization. All insects collected after 21 days were dipterans, dominated by Chironomidae. Total colonization, measured as the number of developing larvae after 21 days, was not affected by either predator presence or composition. Consumption was significant in the trout only treatment, reducing larval insect density by 46 ± 37% (mean ± SE). No other predator treatment significantly reduced prey density, although the proportion of chironomid larvae in protective cases increased in response to direct predation from dragonflies, indicating an antipredatory behavioral response. Taken together, these results reveal that predator community composition altered larval survival and behavior, but colonizing females either did not or could not assess these risks across small scales during oviposition. BlackWell Publishing Ltd 2015-01 2014-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4298439/ /pubmed/25628869 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1256 Text en © 2014 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
spellingShingle Original Research
Wesner, Jeff S
Meyers, Peter
Billman, Eric J
Belk, Mark C
Habitat selection and consumption across a landscape of multiple predators
title Habitat selection and consumption across a landscape of multiple predators
title_full Habitat selection and consumption across a landscape of multiple predators
title_fullStr Habitat selection and consumption across a landscape of multiple predators
title_full_unstemmed Habitat selection and consumption across a landscape of multiple predators
title_short Habitat selection and consumption across a landscape of multiple predators
title_sort habitat selection and consumption across a landscape of multiple predators
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4298439/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25628869
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1256
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