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Mobile Phone Middleware Architecture for Energy and Context Awareness in Location-Based Services
The disruptive innovation of smartphone technology has enabled the development of mobile sensing applications leveraged on specialized sensors embedded in the device. These novel mobile phone applications rely on advanced sensor information processes, which mainly involve raw data acquisition, featu...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4299082/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25513821 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s141223673 |
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author | Galeana-Zapién, Hiram Torres-Huitzil, César Rubio-Loyola, Javier |
author_facet | Galeana-Zapién, Hiram Torres-Huitzil, César Rubio-Loyola, Javier |
author_sort | Galeana-Zapién, Hiram |
collection | PubMed |
description | The disruptive innovation of smartphone technology has enabled the development of mobile sensing applications leveraged on specialized sensors embedded in the device. These novel mobile phone applications rely on advanced sensor information processes, which mainly involve raw data acquisition, feature extraction, data interpretation and transmission. However, the continuous accessing of sensing resources to acquire sensor data in smartphones is still very expensive in terms of energy, particularly due to the periodic use of power-intensive sensors, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. The key underlying idea to design energy-efficient schemes is to control the duty cycle of the GPS receiver. However, adapting the sensing rate based on dynamic context changes through a flexible middleware has received little attention in the literature. In this paper, we propose a novel modular middleware architecture and runtime environment to directly interface with application programming interfaces (APIs) and embedded sensors in order to manage the duty cycle process based on energy and context aspects. The proposed solution has been implemented in the Android software stack. It allows continuous location tracking in a timely manner and in a transparent way to the user. It also enables the deployment of sensing policies to appropriately control the sampling rate based on both energy and perceived context. We validate the proposed solution taking into account a reference location-based service (LBS) architecture. A cloud-based storage service along with online mobility analysis tools have been used to store and access sensed data. Experimental measurements demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of our middleware, in terms of energy and location resolution. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4299082 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42990822015-01-26 Mobile Phone Middleware Architecture for Energy and Context Awareness in Location-Based Services Galeana-Zapién, Hiram Torres-Huitzil, César Rubio-Loyola, Javier Sensors (Basel) Article The disruptive innovation of smartphone technology has enabled the development of mobile sensing applications leveraged on specialized sensors embedded in the device. These novel mobile phone applications rely on advanced sensor information processes, which mainly involve raw data acquisition, feature extraction, data interpretation and transmission. However, the continuous accessing of sensing resources to acquire sensor data in smartphones is still very expensive in terms of energy, particularly due to the periodic use of power-intensive sensors, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. The key underlying idea to design energy-efficient schemes is to control the duty cycle of the GPS receiver. However, adapting the sensing rate based on dynamic context changes through a flexible middleware has received little attention in the literature. In this paper, we propose a novel modular middleware architecture and runtime environment to directly interface with application programming interfaces (APIs) and embedded sensors in order to manage the duty cycle process based on energy and context aspects. The proposed solution has been implemented in the Android software stack. It allows continuous location tracking in a timely manner and in a transparent way to the user. It also enables the deployment of sensing policies to appropriately control the sampling rate based on both energy and perceived context. We validate the proposed solution taking into account a reference location-based service (LBS) architecture. A cloud-based storage service along with online mobility analysis tools have been used to store and access sensed data. Experimental measurements demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of our middleware, in terms of energy and location resolution. MDPI 2014-12-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4299082/ /pubmed/25513821 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s141223673 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Galeana-Zapién, Hiram Torres-Huitzil, César Rubio-Loyola, Javier Mobile Phone Middleware Architecture for Energy and Context Awareness in Location-Based Services |
title | Mobile Phone Middleware Architecture for Energy and Context Awareness in Location-Based Services |
title_full | Mobile Phone Middleware Architecture for Energy and Context Awareness in Location-Based Services |
title_fullStr | Mobile Phone Middleware Architecture for Energy and Context Awareness in Location-Based Services |
title_full_unstemmed | Mobile Phone Middleware Architecture for Energy and Context Awareness in Location-Based Services |
title_short | Mobile Phone Middleware Architecture for Energy and Context Awareness in Location-Based Services |
title_sort | mobile phone middleware architecture for energy and context awareness in location-based services |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4299082/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25513821 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s141223673 |
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