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Energy Balance of Triathletes during an Ultra-Endurance Event
The nutritional strategy during an ultra-endurance triathlon (UET) is one of the main concerns of athletes competing in such events. The purpose of this study is to provide a proper characterization of the energy and fluid intake during real competition in male triathletes during a complete UET and...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303834/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25558906 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7010209 |
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author | Barrero, Anna Erola, Pau Bescós, Raúl |
author_facet | Barrero, Anna Erola, Pau Bescós, Raúl |
author_sort | Barrero, Anna |
collection | PubMed |
description | The nutritional strategy during an ultra-endurance triathlon (UET) is one of the main concerns of athletes competing in such events. The purpose of this study is to provide a proper characterization of the energy and fluid intake during real competition in male triathletes during a complete UET and to estimate the energy expenditure (EE) and the fluid balance through the race. Methods: Eleven triathletes performed a UET. All food and drinks ingested during the race were weighed and recorded in order to assess the energy intake (EI) during the race. The EE was estimated from heart rate (HR) recordings during the race, using the individual HR-oxygen uptake (Vo(2)) regressions developed from three incremental tests on the 50-m swimming pool, cycle ergometer, and running treadmill. Additionally, body mass (BM), total body water (TBW) and intracellular (ICW) and extracellular water (ECW) were assessed before and after the race using a multifrequency bioimpedance device (BIA). Results: Mean competition time and HR was 755 ± 69 min and 137 ± 6 beats/min, respectively. Mean EI was 3643 ± 1219 kcal and the estimated EE was 11,009 ± 664 kcal. Consequently, athletes showed an energy deficit of 7365 ± 1286 kcal (66.9% ± 11.7%). BM decreased significantly after the race and significant losses of TBW were found. Such losses were more related to a reduction of extracellular fluids than intracellular fluids. Conclusions: Our results confirm the high energy demands of UET races, which are not compensated by nutrient and fluid intake, resulting in a large energy deficit. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4303834 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43038342015-02-02 Energy Balance of Triathletes during an Ultra-Endurance Event Barrero, Anna Erola, Pau Bescós, Raúl Nutrients Article The nutritional strategy during an ultra-endurance triathlon (UET) is one of the main concerns of athletes competing in such events. The purpose of this study is to provide a proper characterization of the energy and fluid intake during real competition in male triathletes during a complete UET and to estimate the energy expenditure (EE) and the fluid balance through the race. Methods: Eleven triathletes performed a UET. All food and drinks ingested during the race were weighed and recorded in order to assess the energy intake (EI) during the race. The EE was estimated from heart rate (HR) recordings during the race, using the individual HR-oxygen uptake (Vo(2)) regressions developed from three incremental tests on the 50-m swimming pool, cycle ergometer, and running treadmill. Additionally, body mass (BM), total body water (TBW) and intracellular (ICW) and extracellular water (ECW) were assessed before and after the race using a multifrequency bioimpedance device (BIA). Results: Mean competition time and HR was 755 ± 69 min and 137 ± 6 beats/min, respectively. Mean EI was 3643 ± 1219 kcal and the estimated EE was 11,009 ± 664 kcal. Consequently, athletes showed an energy deficit of 7365 ± 1286 kcal (66.9% ± 11.7%). BM decreased significantly after the race and significant losses of TBW were found. Such losses were more related to a reduction of extracellular fluids than intracellular fluids. Conclusions: Our results confirm the high energy demands of UET races, which are not compensated by nutrient and fluid intake, resulting in a large energy deficit. MDPI 2014-12-31 /pmc/articles/PMC4303834/ /pubmed/25558906 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7010209 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Barrero, Anna Erola, Pau Bescós, Raúl Energy Balance of Triathletes during an Ultra-Endurance Event |
title | Energy Balance of Triathletes during an Ultra-Endurance Event |
title_full | Energy Balance of Triathletes during an Ultra-Endurance Event |
title_fullStr | Energy Balance of Triathletes during an Ultra-Endurance Event |
title_full_unstemmed | Energy Balance of Triathletes during an Ultra-Endurance Event |
title_short | Energy Balance of Triathletes during an Ultra-Endurance Event |
title_sort | energy balance of triathletes during an ultra-endurance event |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303834/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25558906 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7010209 |
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