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The Relevance of the Colon to Zinc Nutrition

Globally, zinc deficiency is widespread, despite decades of research highlighting its negative effects on health, and in particular upon child health in low-income countries. Apart from inadequate dietary intake of bioavailable zinc, other significant contributors to zinc deficiency include the exce...

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Autores principales: Gopalsamy, Geetha Lavaniya, Alpers, David H, Binder, Henry J, Tran, Cuong D, Ramakrishna, B S, Brown, Ian, Manary, Mark, Mortimer, Elissa, Young, Graeme P
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25594440
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7010572
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author Gopalsamy, Geetha Lavaniya
Alpers, David H
Binder, Henry J
Tran, Cuong D
Ramakrishna, B S
Brown, Ian
Manary, Mark
Mortimer, Elissa
Young, Graeme P
author_facet Gopalsamy, Geetha Lavaniya
Alpers, David H
Binder, Henry J
Tran, Cuong D
Ramakrishna, B S
Brown, Ian
Manary, Mark
Mortimer, Elissa
Young, Graeme P
author_sort Gopalsamy, Geetha Lavaniya
collection PubMed
description Globally, zinc deficiency is widespread, despite decades of research highlighting its negative effects on health, and in particular upon child health in low-income countries. Apart from inadequate dietary intake of bioavailable zinc, other significant contributors to zinc deficiency include the excessive intestinal loss of endogenously secreted zinc and impairment in small intestinal absorptive function. Such changes are likely to occur in children suffering from environmental (or tropical) enteropathy (EE)—an almost universal condition among inhabitants of developing countries characterized by morphologic and functional changes in the small intestine. Changes to the proximal gut in environmental enteropathy will likely influence the nature and amount of zinc delivered into the large intestine. Consequently, we reviewed the current literature to determine if colonic absorption of endogenous or exogenous (dietary) zinc could contribute to overall zinc nutriture. Whilst we found evidence that significant zinc absorption occurs in the rodent colon, and is favoured when microbially-fermentable carbohydrates (specifically resistant starch) are consumed, it is unclear whether this process occur in humans and/or to what degree. Constraints in study design in the few available studies may well have masked a possible colonic contribution to zinc nutrition. Furthermore these few available human studies have failed to include the actual target population that would benefit, namely infants affected by EE where zinc delivery to the colon may be increased and who are also at risk of zinc deficiency. In conducting this review we have not been able to confirm a colonic contribution to zinc absorption in humans. However, given the observations in rodents and that feeding resistant starch to children is feasible, definitive studies utilising the dual stable isotope method in children with EE should be undertaken.
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spelling pubmed-43038542015-02-02 The Relevance of the Colon to Zinc Nutrition Gopalsamy, Geetha Lavaniya Alpers, David H Binder, Henry J Tran, Cuong D Ramakrishna, B S Brown, Ian Manary, Mark Mortimer, Elissa Young, Graeme P Nutrients Review Globally, zinc deficiency is widespread, despite decades of research highlighting its negative effects on health, and in particular upon child health in low-income countries. Apart from inadequate dietary intake of bioavailable zinc, other significant contributors to zinc deficiency include the excessive intestinal loss of endogenously secreted zinc and impairment in small intestinal absorptive function. Such changes are likely to occur in children suffering from environmental (or tropical) enteropathy (EE)—an almost universal condition among inhabitants of developing countries characterized by morphologic and functional changes in the small intestine. Changes to the proximal gut in environmental enteropathy will likely influence the nature and amount of zinc delivered into the large intestine. Consequently, we reviewed the current literature to determine if colonic absorption of endogenous or exogenous (dietary) zinc could contribute to overall zinc nutriture. Whilst we found evidence that significant zinc absorption occurs in the rodent colon, and is favoured when microbially-fermentable carbohydrates (specifically resistant starch) are consumed, it is unclear whether this process occur in humans and/or to what degree. Constraints in study design in the few available studies may well have masked a possible colonic contribution to zinc nutrition. Furthermore these few available human studies have failed to include the actual target population that would benefit, namely infants affected by EE where zinc delivery to the colon may be increased and who are also at risk of zinc deficiency. In conducting this review we have not been able to confirm a colonic contribution to zinc absorption in humans. However, given the observations in rodents and that feeding resistant starch to children is feasible, definitive studies utilising the dual stable isotope method in children with EE should be undertaken. MDPI 2015-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4303854/ /pubmed/25594440 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7010572 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Gopalsamy, Geetha Lavaniya
Alpers, David H
Binder, Henry J
Tran, Cuong D
Ramakrishna, B S
Brown, Ian
Manary, Mark
Mortimer, Elissa
Young, Graeme P
The Relevance of the Colon to Zinc Nutrition
title The Relevance of the Colon to Zinc Nutrition
title_full The Relevance of the Colon to Zinc Nutrition
title_fullStr The Relevance of the Colon to Zinc Nutrition
title_full_unstemmed The Relevance of the Colon to Zinc Nutrition
title_short The Relevance of the Colon to Zinc Nutrition
title_sort relevance of the colon to zinc nutrition
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25594440
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7010572
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