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Cardiovascular Complications of HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction

Prolonged survival in HIV infection is accompanied by an increased frequency of non-HIV-related comorbidities. It is suggested that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) occur earlier among HIV-positive patients compared with HIV-negative patients, and at a higher rate. Several factors have been proposed wh...

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Autores principales: Zaaqoq, Akram M., Khasawneh, Faisal A., Smalligan, Roger D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4305617/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25648075
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/302638
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author Zaaqoq, Akram M.
Khasawneh, Faisal A.
Smalligan, Roger D.
author_facet Zaaqoq, Akram M.
Khasawneh, Faisal A.
Smalligan, Roger D.
author_sort Zaaqoq, Akram M.
collection PubMed
description Prolonged survival in HIV infection is accompanied by an increased frequency of non-HIV-related comorbidities. It is suggested that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) occur earlier among HIV-positive patients compared with HIV-negative patients, and at a higher rate. Several factors have been proposed which can be categorized into traditional and nontraditional risk factors. Immune dysfunction is a nontraditional risk factor that contributes significantly to cardiovascular pathology. Markers of inflammation are elevated in HIV-infected patients, and elevations in markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, the data currently suggest the most practical advice is to start antiretroviral therapy early and to manage traditional risk factors for CVD aggressively. A better understanding of the mechanisms of CVD in this population and further efforts to modify chronic inflammation remain an important research area.
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spelling pubmed-43056172015-02-03 Cardiovascular Complications of HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction Zaaqoq, Akram M. Khasawneh, Faisal A. Smalligan, Roger D. Cardiol Res Pract Review Article Prolonged survival in HIV infection is accompanied by an increased frequency of non-HIV-related comorbidities. It is suggested that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) occur earlier among HIV-positive patients compared with HIV-negative patients, and at a higher rate. Several factors have been proposed which can be categorized into traditional and nontraditional risk factors. Immune dysfunction is a nontraditional risk factor that contributes significantly to cardiovascular pathology. Markers of inflammation are elevated in HIV-infected patients, and elevations in markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, the data currently suggest the most practical advice is to start antiretroviral therapy early and to manage traditional risk factors for CVD aggressively. A better understanding of the mechanisms of CVD in this population and further efforts to modify chronic inflammation remain an important research area. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4305617/ /pubmed/25648075 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/302638 Text en Copyright © 2015 Akram M. Zaaqoq et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Zaaqoq, Akram M.
Khasawneh, Faisal A.
Smalligan, Roger D.
Cardiovascular Complications of HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction
title Cardiovascular Complications of HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction
title_full Cardiovascular Complications of HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction
title_fullStr Cardiovascular Complications of HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction
title_full_unstemmed Cardiovascular Complications of HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction
title_short Cardiovascular Complications of HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction
title_sort cardiovascular complications of hiv-associated immune dysfunction
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4305617/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25648075
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/302638
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