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Short-Term Variability and Predictors of Urinary Pentachlorophenol Levels in Ohio Preschool Children
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. No published data exist on the temporal variability or important predictors of urinary PCP concentrations in young children. In this further analysis of study data, we have examined the associations between selected so...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4306893/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25594782 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120100800 |
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author | Morgan, Marsha Jones, Paul Sobus, Jon |
author_facet | Morgan, Marsha Jones, Paul Sobus, Jon |
author_sort | Morgan, Marsha |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. No published data exist on the temporal variability or important predictors of urinary PCP concentrations in young children. In this further analysis of study data, we have examined the associations between selected sociodemographic or lifestyle factors and urinary PCP concentrations in 115 preschool children over a 48-h period and assessed the 48-hour variability of urinary PCP levels in a subset of 15 children. Monitoring was performed at 115 homes and 16 daycares in Ohio (USA) in 2001. Questionnaires/diaries and spot urine samples were collected from each child. The median urinary PCP level was 0.8 ng/mL (range < 0.2–23.8 ng/mL). The intraclass correlation coefficient for urinary PCP was 0.42, which indicates fairly low reliability for a single sample over a 48-h period. In a multiple regression model, age of home and ln(creatinine levels) were significant predictors and sampling season, time spent outside, and pet ownership were marginally significant predictors of ln(urinary PCP levels), collectively explaining 29% of the variability of PCP in urine. To adequately assess short-term exposures of children to PCP, several spot urine measurements are likely needed as well as information regarding residence age, seasonality, time spent outdoors, and pet ownership. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4306893 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43068932015-02-02 Short-Term Variability and Predictors of Urinary Pentachlorophenol Levels in Ohio Preschool Children Morgan, Marsha Jones, Paul Sobus, Jon Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. No published data exist on the temporal variability or important predictors of urinary PCP concentrations in young children. In this further analysis of study data, we have examined the associations between selected sociodemographic or lifestyle factors and urinary PCP concentrations in 115 preschool children over a 48-h period and assessed the 48-hour variability of urinary PCP levels in a subset of 15 children. Monitoring was performed at 115 homes and 16 daycares in Ohio (USA) in 2001. Questionnaires/diaries and spot urine samples were collected from each child. The median urinary PCP level was 0.8 ng/mL (range < 0.2–23.8 ng/mL). The intraclass correlation coefficient for urinary PCP was 0.42, which indicates fairly low reliability for a single sample over a 48-h period. In a multiple regression model, age of home and ln(creatinine levels) were significant predictors and sampling season, time spent outside, and pet ownership were marginally significant predictors of ln(urinary PCP levels), collectively explaining 29% of the variability of PCP in urine. To adequately assess short-term exposures of children to PCP, several spot urine measurements are likely needed as well as information regarding residence age, seasonality, time spent outdoors, and pet ownership. MDPI 2015-01-14 2015-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4306893/ /pubmed/25594782 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120100800 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Morgan, Marsha Jones, Paul Sobus, Jon Short-Term Variability and Predictors of Urinary Pentachlorophenol Levels in Ohio Preschool Children |
title | Short-Term Variability and Predictors of Urinary Pentachlorophenol Levels in Ohio Preschool Children |
title_full | Short-Term Variability and Predictors of Urinary Pentachlorophenol Levels in Ohio Preschool Children |
title_fullStr | Short-Term Variability and Predictors of Urinary Pentachlorophenol Levels in Ohio Preschool Children |
title_full_unstemmed | Short-Term Variability and Predictors of Urinary Pentachlorophenol Levels in Ohio Preschool Children |
title_short | Short-Term Variability and Predictors of Urinary Pentachlorophenol Levels in Ohio Preschool Children |
title_sort | short-term variability and predictors of urinary pentachlorophenol levels in ohio preschool children |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4306893/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25594782 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120100800 |
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