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Alternative RNA Structure-Coupled Gene Regulations in Tumorigenesis

Alternative RNA structures (ARSs), or alternative transcript isoforms, are critical for regulating cellular phenotypes in humans. In addition to generating functionally diverse protein isoforms from a single gene, ARS can alter the sequence contents of 5'/3' untranslated regions (UTRs) and...

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Autor principal: Chen, Feng-Chi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4307256/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25551597
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16010452
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author Chen, Feng-Chi
author_facet Chen, Feng-Chi
author_sort Chen, Feng-Chi
collection PubMed
description Alternative RNA structures (ARSs), or alternative transcript isoforms, are critical for regulating cellular phenotypes in humans. In addition to generating functionally diverse protein isoforms from a single gene, ARS can alter the sequence contents of 5'/3' untranslated regions (UTRs) and intronic regions, thus also affecting the regulatory effects of these regions. ARS may introduce premature stop codon(s) into a transcript, and render the transcript susceptible to nonsense-mediated decay, which in turn can influence the overall gene expression level. Meanwhile, ARS can regulate the presence/absence of upstream open reading frames and microRNA targeting sites in 5'UTRs and 3'UTRs, respectively, thus affecting translational efficiencies and protein expression levels. Furthermore, since ARS may alter exon-intron structures, it can influence the biogenesis of intronic microRNAs and indirectly affect the expression of the target genes of these microRNAs. The connections between ARS and multiple regulatory mechanisms underline the importance of ARS in determining cell fate. Accumulating evidence indicates that ARS-coupled regulations play important roles in tumorigenesis. Here I will review our current knowledge in this field, and discuss potential future directions.
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spelling pubmed-43072562015-02-02 Alternative RNA Structure-Coupled Gene Regulations in Tumorigenesis Chen, Feng-Chi Int J Mol Sci Review Alternative RNA structures (ARSs), or alternative transcript isoforms, are critical for regulating cellular phenotypes in humans. In addition to generating functionally diverse protein isoforms from a single gene, ARS can alter the sequence contents of 5'/3' untranslated regions (UTRs) and intronic regions, thus also affecting the regulatory effects of these regions. ARS may introduce premature stop codon(s) into a transcript, and render the transcript susceptible to nonsense-mediated decay, which in turn can influence the overall gene expression level. Meanwhile, ARS can regulate the presence/absence of upstream open reading frames and microRNA targeting sites in 5'UTRs and 3'UTRs, respectively, thus affecting translational efficiencies and protein expression levels. Furthermore, since ARS may alter exon-intron structures, it can influence the biogenesis of intronic microRNAs and indirectly affect the expression of the target genes of these microRNAs. The connections between ARS and multiple regulatory mechanisms underline the importance of ARS in determining cell fate. Accumulating evidence indicates that ARS-coupled regulations play important roles in tumorigenesis. Here I will review our current knowledge in this field, and discuss potential future directions. MDPI 2014-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4307256/ /pubmed/25551597 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16010452 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Chen, Feng-Chi
Alternative RNA Structure-Coupled Gene Regulations in Tumorigenesis
title Alternative RNA Structure-Coupled Gene Regulations in Tumorigenesis
title_full Alternative RNA Structure-Coupled Gene Regulations in Tumorigenesis
title_fullStr Alternative RNA Structure-Coupled Gene Regulations in Tumorigenesis
title_full_unstemmed Alternative RNA Structure-Coupled Gene Regulations in Tumorigenesis
title_short Alternative RNA Structure-Coupled Gene Regulations in Tumorigenesis
title_sort alternative rna structure-coupled gene regulations in tumorigenesis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4307256/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25551597
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16010452
work_keys_str_mv AT chenfengchi alternativernastructurecoupledgeneregulationsintumorigenesis