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Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer and Development: Where Do We Go from Here?

Recent genome-wide expression profiling studies have uncovered a huge amount of novel, long non-protein-coding RNA transcripts (lncRNA). In general, these transcripts possess a low, but tissue-specific expression, and their nucleotide sequences are often poorly conserved. However, several studies sh...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Haemmerle, Monika, Gutschner, Tony
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4307309/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580533
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16011395
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author Haemmerle, Monika
Gutschner, Tony
author_facet Haemmerle, Monika
Gutschner, Tony
author_sort Haemmerle, Monika
collection PubMed
description Recent genome-wide expression profiling studies have uncovered a huge amount of novel, long non-protein-coding RNA transcripts (lncRNA). In general, these transcripts possess a low, but tissue-specific expression, and their nucleotide sequences are often poorly conserved. However, several studies showed that lncRNAs can have important roles for normal tissue development and regulate cellular pluripotency as well as differentiation. Moreover, lncRNAs are implicated in the control of multiple molecular pathways leading to gene expression changes and thus, ultimately modulate cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Consequently, deregulation of lncRNA expression contributes to carcinogenesis and is associated with human diseases, e.g., neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s Disease. Here, we will focus on some major challenges of lncRNA research, especially loss-of-function studies. We will delineate strategies for lncRNA gene targeting in vivo, and we will briefly discuss important consideration and pitfalls when investigating lncRNA functions in knockout animal models. Finally, we will highlight future opportunities for lncRNAs research by applying the concept of cross-species comparison, which might contribute to novel disease biomarker discovery and might identify lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets.
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spelling pubmed-43073092015-02-02 Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer and Development: Where Do We Go from Here? Haemmerle, Monika Gutschner, Tony Int J Mol Sci Review Recent genome-wide expression profiling studies have uncovered a huge amount of novel, long non-protein-coding RNA transcripts (lncRNA). In general, these transcripts possess a low, but tissue-specific expression, and their nucleotide sequences are often poorly conserved. However, several studies showed that lncRNAs can have important roles for normal tissue development and regulate cellular pluripotency as well as differentiation. Moreover, lncRNAs are implicated in the control of multiple molecular pathways leading to gene expression changes and thus, ultimately modulate cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Consequently, deregulation of lncRNA expression contributes to carcinogenesis and is associated with human diseases, e.g., neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s Disease. Here, we will focus on some major challenges of lncRNA research, especially loss-of-function studies. We will delineate strategies for lncRNA gene targeting in vivo, and we will briefly discuss important consideration and pitfalls when investigating lncRNA functions in knockout animal models. Finally, we will highlight future opportunities for lncRNAs research by applying the concept of cross-species comparison, which might contribute to novel disease biomarker discovery and might identify lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets. MDPI 2015-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4307309/ /pubmed/25580533 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16011395 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Haemmerle, Monika
Gutschner, Tony
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer and Development: Where Do We Go from Here?
title Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer and Development: Where Do We Go from Here?
title_full Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer and Development: Where Do We Go from Here?
title_fullStr Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer and Development: Where Do We Go from Here?
title_full_unstemmed Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer and Development: Where Do We Go from Here?
title_short Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer and Development: Where Do We Go from Here?
title_sort long non-coding rnas in cancer and development: where do we go from here?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4307309/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580533
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16011395
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